Ppt on light

Science holiday homework

Made by-aish Mishra
Class-8 diamond
Roll no.-6
What is light ?
• Light is a form of energy that
enables us to see various things
present in our surroundings
• Light is an electromagnetic wave
that can travel through a medium
(any substance including air,
water, and glass) and vacuum. The
only natural source of light is
sunlight
• Light gets reflected off surfaces.
Any surface that is really well
polished or shiny acts as a mirror.
The phenomenon of light
bouncing off surfaces is called
reflection
 • In an image formed by a
mirror the left of the
object appears on the
right and the right appears
Lateral inversion on the left. This is known
as lateral inversion.
L AW S O F
REFLECTION
• First law of reflection: According to the first
law, the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal
ray, all lie in the same plane.
• Second law of reflection: According to the
second law, the angle of reflection is always
equal to the angle of incidence. (∠i = ∠r)
Regular and
irregular reflection
• The kind of reflection in which
all reflected rays are parallel to
each other and it occurs
through a smooth surface is
called regular reflection
• When all the parallel rays
reflected from a rough or
irregular surface are not parallel,
the reflection is known as
diffused or irregular reflection
 kaleidoscope
Image that is
seen through
• A kaleidoscope is an optical kaleidoscope
instrument with two or more reflecting
surfaces (or mirrors) tilted to each
other at an angle
Human eye
• Light enters the eye through a thin membrane that
forms a transparent bulge on the front of the eye,
called the cornea.
• Iris is a dark muscular diaphragm that controls
the size of the pupil.
• The pupil is the small opening in the centre of the
iris.
• The lens which is behind the pupil helps to adjust
the focal length required to clearly focus on
objects at various distances.
• The retina is the screen where the images get
formed. It is a delicate membrane with a large
number of photosensitive cells called rods and
cones.
• Cones are sensitive to bright light and rods are
sensitive to dim light.
• The optic nerve transmits the electrical signals
from the eye to the brain
 Persistence of human eye & defects of eye

•COMMON REFRACTIVE DEFECTS OF VISION.

• The impression (or sensation) of the
object remains on the retina for
about (1/16)th of a second, even
after the object is removed from the
sight. This continuance of the
sensation of eye is called the
persistence of vision.
• myopia or near-sightedness
• A person with myopia can see nearby
objects clearly but cannot see distant
objects distinctly.
• hypermetropia or far – sightedness
• A person with hypermetropia can see distant
objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects
distinctly
• Presbyopia
• For most people, the near point gradually
recedes away. They find it difficult to see
nearby objects comfortably and distinctly
without corrective eye-glasses. This defect is
called Presbyopia
 Care of eye
It is necessary that you take
proper care of your eyes. If there
is any problem you should go to
an eye specialist. Have a regular
checku
Do not look at the sun or a
powerful light directly.
If advised, use suitable
spectacles.
Never rub your eyes. If particles
of dust go into your eyes, wash
your eyes with clean water. If
there is no improvement go to a
doctor. l Wash your eyes
frequently with clean water.
Too little or too much light is bad
for eyes. Insufficient light causes
eyestrain and headaches. Too
much light, like that of the sun, a
powerful lamp or a laser torch
can injure the retina.
Always read at the normal
distance for vision. Do not read
by bringing the book too close to
your eyes or keeping it too far.