SIMPLE HARMONIC

WAVES
BY AMAN KAUSHIK
ROLL NUMBER :- 123857
SECTION :- B
SUBJECT :- PHYSICS
Introduction
Oscillations are happening all around us, from the beating of the human heart, to the vibrating
atoms that make up everything. Simple harmonic motion is a very important type of periodic
oscillation where the acceleration (α) is proportional to the displacement (x) from equilibrium,
in the direction of the equilibrium position. 

From its definition, the acceleration, a, of an object in simple harmonic motion is proportional
to its displacement, x:

where ω is the angular frequency and can be determined either by knowing the period (ω =
2π/T) or the frequency (ω = 2πf).
Recalling that velocity (v) is the time derivative of distance and acceleration is the time derivative of
velocity, it can be shown that when starting from the amplitude (A), the solution follows a sinusoidal
function of the form x = A cos(ωt)

The displacement against time would then look something like this: 
Hooke’s Law
A change in shape due to the application of a force is a deformation. Even very small forces are known to
cause some deformation. For small deformations, two important things can happen. First, unlike the car
and bulldozer example, the object returns to its original shape when the force is removed. Second, the size
of the deformation is proportional to the force. This second property is known as Hooke’s law. In equation
form, Hooke’s law is
F=−kx,
where x is the amount of deformation (the change in length, for example) produced by the restoring
force F, and k is a constant that depends on the shape and composition of the object.
 Real-World Applications
1. Clock
2. Car Shock Absorbers
3. Musical Instruments
4. Bungee Jumping
5. Diving Board
6. The Process of Hearing
7. Earthquake-proof buildings
8. Metronome
Clock

Depending on the type of clock and the era that it was made, either a large pendulum or a vibrating quartz crystal will
keep time. This motion of the pendulum or crystal must be periodic, in order to ensure that the time shown will be
accurate.

The oscillators have a constant period because they are in Simple Harmonic Motion. This allows them to keep time
accurately. This accurate time is more than just for convenience. It is a necessity when navigating using celestial marks
like the Sun or stars because the position of the Sun and stars in the sky changes with the time of day.

It is also important that the period is independent of the amplitude of oscillation. This is because the conditions in a
grandfather clock can vary, and affect the amplitude of oscillation. No matter howthe amplitude varies, the time shown is
always con
 Car Shock Absorbers
Springs attached to the wheels of a car help ensure a smoother ride for the passengers. When the
car hits a bump in the road, the wheels of the car rise up. If the car did not have shock absorbers,
the whole car will be thrown up and down, causing an extremely uncomfortable and possibly
dangerous ride. 
When there are springs in the car, the wheel will rise, compressing the spring while the car body
remains relatively stationary. The restoring force on the compressed spring will push the car
wheel back into place. 
However, when the spring is put into SHM by the bump in the road, it continues to bounce up
and down even though the unevenness that triggered the motion is gone. This is why cars contain
shock absorbers, which are usually pistons filled with a viscous liquid, to damp the oscillations
quickly. This is an example of overdamping.
Musical Instruments
Sound itself is produced from oscillations of the air. In a string instrument such as a violin or a
guitar, bowing or plucking the string provides the force needed to make the string oscillate and
produce sound. In a wind instrument like a trumpet, the vibrations are caused by the player's lips
while the sound is caused by exciting the air molecules by blowing across the opening in a flute. In
a percussion instrument like the triangle, the vibrations occur when the instrument is struck.
The vibration produced in the string, column of air or body of the instrument causes standing
waves to be formed, which produces sound.
Hearing
The basic function of our ears, hearing, cannot be possible without SHM. The sound waves
travel through the air and when they hit the eardrum, they cause the eardrum to vibrate. This
movement is passed to the brain, which then translates these signals into complex sounds that we
are able to hear clearly.
Thank You!