DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

 Chapter I
COUNSELING
Lesson Objective:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected

to demonstrate a high level of understanding of the
basic concepts of counselling

1. Definition
2. The goal of counselling
3. Values and principle of counselling
 PART 2
COUNSELING

Goals
Scope
Core Values
Ethical Principles
GOALS OF
COUNSELING PRIMARY 1. Developmental Goal: assist in meeting or
(Gibson and GOAL
Mitchell,2003) advancing the client’s human growth and
To help people development including social, personal,
utilize their emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
prevailing
social skills
and problem 2. Preventive goals: help client avoid some
solving skills undesired outcome
more
functionally or
to cultivate 3. Enhancement Goals: Enhance special skills
new surviving and abilities
and coping
skills. 4. Remedial Goals-assisting a client to overcome
and treat an undesirable development.
GOALS OF
COUNSELING PRIMARY 5.Exploratory Goals: Examining options,
(Gibson and GOAL
Mitchell,2003) testing of skills, trying new and different
To help people activities
utilize their 6. Reinforcement Goals: helps client in
prevailing recognizing that what they are doing, thinking,
social skills
and problem and feeling is fine.
solving skills 7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the
more basic foundation of learning and cognitive
functionally or skills.
to cultivate 8. Physiological Goals-involves acquiring the
new surviving basic understanding and habits for good health
and coping
skills. 9. Psychological Goals-aids in developing good
social interaction skills, learning emotional
control, and developing positive self-concept.
 GOAL OF COUNSELING (McLeod (2003)
Insights: understanding of the origins and development of emotional
difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to take rational control
over feelings and actions

Relating with Others: Becoming better able to form and maintain

meaningful and satisfying relationships with other people

Self-Awareness: Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that

has been blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate sense of
how self is perceived by others.
Self-acceptance: The development of a positive attitude toward self,
marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been
the subject of self-criticism and rejection.
 GOAL OF COUNSELING (McLeod 2003)
Self-Actualization: Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or
achieving an integration of previously conflicting parts of self.

Enlightenment: Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of

spiritual awakening.

Problem solving: Finding a solution to a specific problem that eh client

had not been able to solve alone and acquiring a general competence in
problem solving

Psychosocial education: enabling the client to acquire ideas and

techniques with which to understand and control behaviour.
 GOAL OF COUNSELING (McLeod 2003)

Acquisition of Social Skills: learning and mastering social and

interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye contact, turn-taking in
conversation, assertiveness or anger control.

Behaviour Change; He modification or replacement of maladaptive or

self destructive patterns of behaviour.

Systemic Change: Introducing change into the way in that social system
operate.
 GOAL OF COUNSELING (McLeod 2003)

Systemic Change: Introducing change into the way in that social system
operate.

Empowerment: Working on skills, awareness, and knowledge that will

enable the client to take control of his or her own life.

Restitution: helping the client to make amends for previous destructive

behaviour.

Generativist: Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care for

others and pass on knowledge and to contribute to collective good
through political engagement and community work
 SCOPE OF COUNSELING

1.Broad Scope of Counseling: it includes individual

counselling, marital and premarital counselling, family
counselling, and community counselling.

2. Aspects of person's life where counselling is necessary:

Cognitive, behavioural, systemic, social, psychological. Counseling
can be applied to individual, family, and groups.
 SCOPE OF COUNSELING

a. Individual counseling- depression, sexual abuse, anxiety,

gender, relationships, spirituality, ideology, adolescent issues,
loss, anxiety, anger, stress, vocation, studies.

b. Family counseling: divorce, family dynamics, transitions in

life in life, miscommunication, jealousy, money matters,
parenting, remarriage and others.
Scope of Practice for Licensed Professional Counselors
( Having Rights and perform the following for a fee, salary or
other consideration)

1. Afford counseling services to individuals. Groups. Organizations, or

general public comprising of; application of clinical counseling
principles, methods or procedure to assist individuals in realizing
effective personal, social, educational, or career development and
adjustment.
Scope of Practice for Licensed Professional Counselors
( Having Rights and perform the following for a fee, salary
or other consideration)

2. Apply clinical counseling principles, methods, and procedures,

“means an approach to counseling that emphasizes the counselor’s
role in the systematically assisting clients through all of the
following”; assessing and analysing emotional conditions, exploring
possible solutions, and developing and providing a treatment plan
for mental and adjustment or development. It may include
counseling, appraisal, consulting,
supervision, administration, and referral.
Scope of Practice for Licensed Professional Counselors ( Having
Rights and perform the following for a fee, salary or other
consideration)

3. Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorder

when under the supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist,
psychiatrist, independent marriage and family therapist, or independent social
worker.

4. Provide training supervision for students and registered counselor trainees

when services are within their scope of practice which does not include
supervision of the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorder.
CORE VALUES
AND ETHICAL VALUES INDICATES
WHAT WE BELIEVE IN-
PRINCIPLES OF WHAT ARE IMPORTANT
TO US
COUNSELING

PERCEPTION OR VIEW DO’S AND DON’TS AND IN COUNSELING, ETHICS

OF THINGS, PEOPLE, POSITION ON CERTAIN OUR AND MORAL ISSUES ARE
EVENTS AND ISSUES BOTTOMLINES/CONSIDE CLOSELY CONNECTED
ENVIRONMENT RATION TO VALUES.

Actions must be based on vigilant, insightful

thoughts and reflective thoughts based on ethical
principles of counseling
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
(PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CODES)

1. AUTHONOMY OF INDIVIDUAL
 Is based on the rights to freedom of action and freedom of
choice in so far as the pursuit of these freedom does not
interfere with the freedom of others; counseling cannot happen
unless the client has made a free choice to participate
 Personal autonomy is not a simple one and not sufficient as a
guide to action and good practice in all circumstances
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
(PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CODES)

2. Principle of Nonmaleficence
 This refers to instruction to all helpers or healers that they must, above
all, do no harm;
 Beneficence refers to the order to promote human welfare
 Both nonmaleficience and beneficence occur in the prominence in codes
of practice that counsellors must warrant that they are trained to an
appropriate level of competence through supervision, consultation, and
training, and they must work only within the limits of their competence.
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
(PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CODES)

2.
Principle of Nonmaleficence
 One of the areas of concern is the riskiness of the therapeutic technique;
principle of autonomy might suggest that if the clients has given
INFORMED CONSENT for the intervention to take place, then the client
has the responsibility for the consequences,
 Moral dilemmas like beneficence are often resolved by recourse to
utilitarian ideas; it might depend on whether it could be predicted that, on
balance, the benefits of the therapy outweighed the cost and risks.
3. Principle of Justice
 Concerned with the fair distribution of resources and services,
unless there is some acceptable reason for treating them
differently.
 For counseling, the principle has particular relevance to the
question of access.
 Commitment to be fair goes beyond that of the ordinary person;
in view of the agreement tom promote worth and dignity of each
individual, counsellors are required to be concerns with equal
treatment for all individuals
4. Principle of Fidelity

• Shares to the presence of loyalty, reliability, dependability

and action in good faith.
• The rule of confidentiality reveals the importance of fidelity;
entering to a contract means to stay with the client and give
the case his/her efforts.
 GENERAL MORAL THEORIES

The Ethical Framework Practice, drawing on virtues

perspective also identified a set of personal qualities that
all practitioner should possess; empathy, sincerity,
integrity, resilience, respect, humility, competence,
fairness, wisdom and courage.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING.