Quick Review….

1. What is a cone?
2. How are cones of conifers similar to
those of lycophytes and cycads?
3. How do they differ?
 Quick Review….
1. What is a cone?
A cone is a collection of reproductive structures (usually
sporangia).
2. How are cones of conifers similar to those of lycophytes and
cycads?
They are similar in that each cone is “unisexual” producing either
microspores or megaspores but not both.
3. How do they differ?
The cones of conifers are more complex; those of lycophytes are
merely collections of sporangia, those of cycads and conifer
pollen cones being collections of sporophylls, those of conifer
seed cones being collections of scales and axillary buds (with
some of the bud’s leaves being sporophylls).
 Gymnosperms

• Naked seed
• M’sporangia exposed on sporophylls
• Leaf forms
– Palm-like
– Needle-like
– Scale-like
– Broadleaved
– Deciduous
– Evergreen
Plant Form
 Vascular tissue

1.   Like angiosperms
2.   No vessels except in a few species
3.   Sieve cells
(contain no companion cells) in the
phloem instead of sieve tubes
Naked seed
Palm-like (Cycas)
Needle-like (Pines)
Scale-like (Cypress)
 Broadleaved

Phyllocladus hypophyllus Agathis borneensis

Broadleaved-Ginkgo
Deciduous - Ginkgo
Evergreen