SB7h Osmoregulation

Objectives
 Explain the importance of osmoregulation
 Describe the structure of the urinary system.
 Describe the treatments for kidney failure, including
kidney dialysis and organ donation.

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 SB7h Osmoregulation

Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the control of
the balance of water and mineral
salts in the body.

If the concentration of water is

too high:
 Water moves into body cells
by osmosis and cells may
burst

If the concentration of water is

too low:
 Water moves out of body cells
by osmosis and will shrink

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SB7h Osmoregulation
 SB7h Osmoregulation

The Urinary System

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 SB7h Osmoregulation

What is the role of the kidneys?

 Removal of urea from the blood
 Urea is produced in the liver from the
breakdown of excess amino acids
 Adjustment of ion levels in the blood
 Adjustment of water content in the blood

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 SB7h Osmoregulation

Vessels
Renal Artery
 Kidney receives blood from
Renal Vein
 Returns blood
Ureter
 Narrow tube which carries urine from kidney to
bladder
Urethra
 From bladder carries urine to outside of body
 SB7h Osmoregulation

Medulla Capsule
Darker inner region Fibrous outer membrane
made up of Loops of that protects the kidney
Henle, collecting
ducts and blood
vessels

Cortex
Lighter coloured outer
region made up of
Renal Pelvis Bowman’s (renal)
capsules, convoluted
Funnel shaped cavity that
tubules and blood
collects urine into the
vessels
ureter
 SB7h Osmoregulation

Think about:
What are these pictures of?

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 SB7h Osmoregulation

Problems with the kidneys

Kidney stones
 High salt and minerals in your diet can lead to
stones precipitating out
 Extremely painful
 Have to be excreted from the body in the urine
Renal damage / failure
 The kidney is no longer able to filter the blood
effectively
▪ Plasma not properly reabsorbed
▪ Proteins and cells pass through bowman’s
capsule
 SB7h Osmoregulation

Living without kidneys

 A person can survive with only 1 kidney
 However, No working kidneys  death
 Options:
 Dialysis
 Transplantation
 SB7h Osmoregulation

Dialysis
 Blood enters machine from patient
 It passes along dialysis tubing
 Tubing is semi-permeable
 Waste materials pass from the blood by diffusion
 Blood moves through bubble trap
 Cleaned blood is returned to patient
SB7h Osmoregulation
 SB7h Osmoregulation

Transplantation
 Organ removed from either dead person or living person if
not an essential organ

 Inserted and connected to patient

 Damaged organs sometimes removed

 Donor organs not always connected into position of old

organ

 Patient must be given immunosuppressant drugs

 SB7h Osmoregulation

Advantages and
disadvantages
There is a risk
There is a risk of
of blood clots infection with
with dialysis dialysis

You live a normal

life, without having
Immunosuppress
to watch your diet
ant drugs could
after transplant
lead to infections
surgery

There is a risk of
death associated Dialysis is
with transplant more
operations
expensive.
 SB7h Osmoregulation

Video clip

https://www.activeteachonline.com/product/view/id/612/
page/156/mode/dps?modal=/player/video/id/741317

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 SB7h Osmoregulation

Progression questions
 Why is osmoregulation important?

 What is the structure of the urinary system?

 How can kidney failure be treated?

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institutions only. This material is not copyright free.
SB7h Osmoregulation
 SB7h Osmoregulation

© Pearson Education Ltd 2016. Copying permitted for purchasing institutions only. This material is not copyright free.