GRADE 9

Direct, Inverse, Joint,

and Combined
Variations
In Mathematics, we usually deal with two
types of quantities-Variable quantities (or
variables) and Constant quantities (or
constants). If the value of a quantity
remains unaltered under different
situations, it is called a constant. ... The
changing of variable parameters is
called as variation.
Direct Variation
• “ y varies directly as x “ if there is some non-zero constant k such that
y = kx

k is called the constant of variation.

 Example
• If “ y varies directly as x " and y = 9 when
x = -15, find the value of y when x = 21.

y  kx (Direct Variation)
y  kx
3
y x
5
9  k (  15 )
3
Get the value of k. y   ( 21)
3 3 5
 k k  63
5 5 y Answer
5
 Inverse Variation
• “ y varies inversely as x " if there is some nonzero constant k such that

xy = k or

y = k/x
Example
• If “ y varies inversely as x “ and y = 4, when x = 12, find y
when x = 5.
k
y 
x
k
y (Inverse Variation) 48
x y
x
k
4  48
12 y 
5
48  k k  48 Answer
Joint Variation
• “ y varies jointly as x and z “ if there is some number k such that

y = kxz

where and

x0 z0
 Example V  1 / 2h(b1  b 2) EQUATION

• The area A of a trapezoid varies jointly as the height h and the sum
of its bases b1 and b2. Find the k value of joint variation if V = 48
in^3, h = 8 in., b1 = 5 in. and b2 = 7 in.

48 cu .in .  k ( 96 sqin )
y  k ( x )( v  z ) (Joint Variation) DIVIDE BOTH SIDES BY 96 SQ IN

48 cu .in . / 96 sqin  k
V  k ( h)(b1  b 2)
48 cu .in .  k (8in )( 5in  7 in ) 1 / 2in  k
1
48 cu .in .  k (8in )(12 in ) k 
2
What Is Combined Variation?

Joint variation is a more complex relationship between three

variables, where one variable varies directly as one variable
and inversely as another.  The equations expressing
combined variation take the form x = ky/z.  The force of
attraction F of a body varies directly as its mass m times a
constant k and inversely as the square of the distance d
between the bodies.  The equation is F = km/d2, so if F
equals 100 Newtons, m equals 8kg, and d equals 5 meters,
then the equation is 100 = 8k/25.  Suppose the mass is 10 kg
and the distance is 15 meters.  Then F will equal 13 8/9
Newtons.
Practice
If y varies jointly as x and z and y = 45 when x = 9 and z = 15, find y
when x = 25 and z = 12.

y  kxz (Joint Variation) y  kxz

45  k ( 9 )(15 ) y  (1 / 3)( 25)(12)
45 / 135  k y  100
k  1/ 3
Example. Electricity Problem P= kRI 2
Joint Variation

• The power P in watts of an electrical circuit varies jointly as

the resistance R and the square of the current I. For a 600-
watt microwave oven that draws a current of 5.0 amperes,
the resistance is 24 ohms. What is the value of k?

• What is the resistance of a 200-watt refrigerator that draws

a current of 1.7 amperes?
What is the value of k? What is the resistance?

2
P  k RI P  kRI 2

2
600  k ( 24 )( 5) 200  (1) R (1.7) 2

600  k 600 200  R ( 2 . 89 )

1 k 69  R

k 1 R  69ohms
 2
P  k RI F=Gm1m2/d 2

E=mc 2 S=d/t

a=(vf - vi)/t D=m/V

V=LWH F=ma
YU Practice
• The LEM (Lunar Exploration Module) used by astronauts to explore
the moon’s surface during the Apollo space missions weighs about
30,000 pounds on Earth. On the moon there is less gravity so it
weighs less, meaning that less fuel is needed to lift off from the
moon’s surface. The force of gravity on Earth is about 6 times as
much as that on the moon. How much does the LEM weigh on the
moon?
Answer
Solution

•y = k(x) (Direct Variation) y = 3,000 lbs

k = 6 times

•30,000 = 6 (x)
• x = 5,000 lbs (Weight on the Moon)
YU TRY! Show your complete solution.

1. If m varies directly as w and m = -15 when w = 2.5,

find m when w = 12.5.

What is the equation? y = kx

m = kw

What is the value of m? Possible choices……

A: 75 B:-25 C: -75 D: 25
ASSIGNMENT.

If y varies inversely as x and y . If y = ¼ when x = 24,

find y when x = ¾.

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