Lecturer

on
Rolling Bearing

By

Dr. Atul Kumar 

 
 History
• The invention of the rolling bearing, is in the
form of wooden rollers supporting, or bearing,
an object being moved is of great antiquity, and
may predate the invention of the wheel.
• Leonardo da Vinci incorporated drawings of ball
bearings in his design for a helicopter around
the year of 1500.
• This is the first recorded use of bearings in an
aerospace design.
 Function of Bearings
 Rolling element bearings are designed to permit relative motion between
two machine parts, usually a rotating shaft and a fixed frame or housing,
while supporting the applied loads.
 The main function of a rotating shaft is to transmit power from one end
of the line to the other.
– It needs a good support to ensure stability and frictionless rotation.
The support for the shaft is known as “bearing”.
 The shaft has a “running fit” in a bearing. All bearing are provided some
lubrication arrangement to reduced friction between shaft and bearing.
 Bearing Motions
Common motions permitted by bearings are:
• Axial rotation e.g. shaft rotation
• Linear motion e.g. Carriage over the bed,
drawer in the table
• spherical rotation e.g. ball and socket joint
• Hinge motion e.g. door
 Main Classified of Bearings

 Plain or slider bearing : -

• In which the rotating shaft has a
sliding contact with the bearing which
is held stationary. Due to large
contact area friction between mating
parts is high requiring greater
lubrication.

 Rolling or anti-friction bearing : -

• Due to less contact area rolling
friction is much lesser than the sliding
friction, hence these bearings are also
known as antifriction bearing.
Ball Bearings Components
Nomenclature of a Ball Bearing
 Types of Rolling Element Bearings
• Rolling element bearings may be broadly classified as
either ball bearings or roller bearings. Within each of
these broad categories there are a host of geometrical
configurations commercially available.

• Rolling element bearings are almost universally

standardized by the American Bearing Manufacturers
Association (ABMA), American National Standards
Institute (ANSI), and the International Standards
Organization (ISO).
 Ball Bearings
• In a ball bearing, the load is transmitted from the outer race to
the ball and from the ball to the inner race.

• Since the ball is a sphere, it only contacts the inner and outer
race at a very small point, which helps it spin very smoothly.

• But it also means that there is not very much contact area
holding that load, so if the bearing is overloaded, the balls can
deform and spoil the bearing.

• Less expensive and suitable for lighter loads and applications.

 Ball Bearings
 Ball Bearings
Point contact: support radial and axial loads
 Angular Contact Bearings
Designed for axial loading: used in pairs
 Self-Aligning Bearings
 Double Row Bearings
Support higher loads
 Thrust Bearings
Designed for pure axial loading
 Roller Bearing
• Common roller bearings use cylinders of slightly
greater length than diameter.

• Roller bearings typically have higher radial load

capacity than ball bearings, but a low axial capacity
and higher friction under axial loads.

• If the inner and outer races are misaligned, the bearing

capacity often drops quickly compared to either a ball
bearing
 Roller Bearings
• Straight
Supports high radial loads; slower speed ratings
• Tapered
High radial and axial load ratings; used in pairs
• Spherical
Allows for misalignment
• Needle
Thrust and radial types; typically no inner race
Advantages of Rolling Element Bearings

• High reliability with minimum maintenance

• Minimum lubrication required
• Good for low speed operation
• Low starting friction and low power loss due to frictional drag
• Can readily support radial, thrust, or combined radial and thrust loads
• Small axial space required
• Nearly universal interchangeability among manufacturers
• Can be preloaded to eliminate internal clearance, improve fatigue
life, or increase bearing stiffness.
Disadvantages of Rolling Element Bearings

• It takes up more space than plain bearings

• The rolling bearings are not as rigid as plain
bearings
• More nosier in operation than plain bearings
 Bearing Loads
• Radial Load
• Thrust Load
• Combination of both
Fr

Thrust load Radial &Thrust load

Radial load
 Bearing Life Definitions
• Bearing Failure: Spalling or pitting of an area of 0.025 mm2
• Life: Number of revolutions (or hours @ given speed) required for failure.
• For one bearing

• Rating Life: Life required for 10% of sample to fail.

• For a group of bearings
• Also called Minimum Life or L10 Life

• Median Life: Average life required for 50% of sample to fail.

• For many groups of bearings
• Also called Average Life or Average Median Life
• Median Life is typically 4 or 5 times the L10 Life
 APPLICATIONS OF ROLLER
BEARINGS
• Tapered roller bearing (TRB):
 TRB can take both radial and axial loads and used for gear boxes
for heavy trucks, bevel-gear transmission, lathe spindles, etc.
• Thrust ball bearing:
 It can take only thrust loads.
 Thrust ball bearing are used for heavy axial loads and low speeds.
• Needle roller bearing:
 It use small diameter of rollers. They are used for radial load at
slow speed and oscillating motion.
• They have the advantage of light weight and occupy small
space.
• They are used in aircraft industry, live tail stock centers,
bench-drill spindles, etc.
Potential Applications of Bearing
 Power generation
 Oil field
 Mining and aggregate processing
 Wind turbines
 Gear drives
 Rolling mills
 Bearing Selection
• As an overall checklist to help guide users, the following
factors are among the most significant in selecting the proper
bearing :
Type of load: radial, thrust, combination of both, steady or shock
Magnitude of load
Rotation speed
Shaft misalignment
Diameter of both shaft and housing
Packaging constraints
Desired life
Maintenance requirements
 Conclusion
With this preparation we have the knowledge
to consider the basic information about the
rolling bearing and also make the decision for
performing the design assessment .
Queries
Thank you
 References
• J.E Shigley and C.R Mischke , Mechanical Engineering Design , McGraw Hill
Publication, 5th Edition. 1989.
• M.F Spotts, Design of Machine Elements, Prentice Hall India Pvt. Limited, 6 th Edition,
1991.
• Khurmi, R.S. and Gupta J.K., Text book on Machine Design, Eurasia Publishing House,
New Delhi.
• http://
www.powershow.com/view/3c63e3-NzA1M/FAILURE_OF_ROLLING_CONTACT_BEARI
NGS_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
• https://
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