Basic Concepts and

Terminologies
in Disaster Management
Learning At the end of this session, we should be
able to:

Objectives Define disaster, hazard,

of Basic risk, elements at risk,
vulnerability, capacity,
Definitions prevention, mitigation,
& Terms preparedness
response, relief,
rehabilitation,
reconstruction and
development.
 What is the
difference between
Hazard and
Disasters
Are they same!!!!
HAZARD
Phenomenon or situation, which has
the potential to cause disruption or
damage to people, their property,
their services and their environment

‫ڪا به اھڙي صورتحال جنھن ۾ اھا سگھ‬

‫ھجي ته اھا انسانن ۽ ان سان وابسته شين‬
!‫کي متاثر ڪري سگھي‬
DISASTER
The serious disruption of the functioning of
society, causing widespread human, material or
environmental losses, which exceed the ability of
the affected people to cope using their own
resources.
An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or
progressive, causing widespread human,
material or environmental losses
 ‫آفت يا مصيبت‬
‫معاشري جي روزمره جي ڪاروھنوار ۾ سخت رخنو‬
‫يا خلل جيڪو وڏي پيماني تي انساني‪ ،‬مادي يا‬
‫ماحولياتي نقصان جو سبب بڻجي‪ ،‬۽ صورتحال‬
‫متاثره ماڻھن جي وسيلن مطابق منھن ڏيڻ کان‬
‫وڌيڪ خراب ٿي وڃي‪.‬‬
 Vulnerability
Is a condition or sets of conditions that reduces
people’s ability to prepare for, withstand or respond
to a hazard

This is a function of:

physical, economic, social, political, technical,
ideological, cultural, educational, environmental
and institutional conditions.
‫ڪمزور دفاعي صالحيت‬

‫انسان جي اھڙي حالت جيڪا‬

‫ڪنھن به متوقه آفت يا‬
‫خطري کي برداشت ڪرڻ يا‬
‫‪.‬منھن ڏيڻ جي قابل نه ھجي‬
Capacity
Those positive
condition or abilities
which increase a
community’s ability to
deal with hazards.
‫صالحيت يا ا‪t‬ھليت‬
‫اھڙيون مثبت‬
‫حالتون يا مھارتون‬
‫جيڪي آفتن کي‬
‫منھن ڏيڻ ۾ ماڻھن‬
‫جي طاقت وڌائين‬
Risk
The probability that a
community’s structure or
geographic area is to be
damaged or disrupted by the
impact of a particular hazard, on
account of their nature,
construction, and proximity to a
hazardous area.
 ‫خدشو‬
‫ماڻھن جي سم‪t‬اجي صورتحال‬
‫(رھڻي ڪرڻي‪ ،‬تعم‪t‬يراتي‬
‫ڍانچا‪ ،‬جاگرافيائي ھنڌ) ۽ ان‬
‫عالئقي ۾ متوقه آفتن کي نظر‬
‫۾ رکي اھو امڪان يا خدشو‬
‫پيدا ٿئي ته ھي ماڻھو آفتن‬
‫‪.‬جي خطري ۾ آھن‬
Hazard x Vulnerability Disaster Risk
=
Capacity
 DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE/RELIEF

Post- Disaster
MITIGATION Pre- Disaster
REHABILITATION

PREVENTION RECONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENT
 Prevention, mitigation and
preparedness

Disaster Disaster Disaster

preparedness mitigation prevention

Ability to predict, Measures Activities

respond to taken in designed
and cope with advance of a to provide
the effect of a disaster aimed permanent
disaster. at reducing its protection
impact on from disasters.
society and the
environment.
Prevention Preparedness

Measures taken to Measures taken in Measures

anticipation of a taken prior to
avert a disaster
the impact of
from occurring, if disaster to ensure a disaster to
possible (to that appropriate and minimize its
impede a hazard effective actions are effects
so that it does not taken in the (sometimes
aftermath. referred to as
have any harmful
structural and
effects). non-structural
measures).
Prevention
Prevention aims to eliminate risk.
 Preparedness
• Develop and test early warning systems
• Make evacuation plans
• Establish policies
• Make operational plans
for exp material & supplies
• Secure resources
• Training..
Mitigation
Hazard reduction Vulnerability reduction

• Constructing flood • Seismic resistant

protection construction

• Improving drainage • Micro-seismic studies to

predict vulnerable areas

• Eliminating the principal • Improving health and

site of an infection. nutrition
Relief
Measures that are required in
search and rescue of
survivors, as well to meet the
basic needs for shelter, water,
food and health care.
Rehabilitation
The process
undertaken by a
disaster-affected
community to fully
restore itself to pre-
disaster level of
functioning.
Reconstruction
Permanent measures to
repair or replace damaged
dwellings and infrastructure
and to set the economy back
on course.