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Solving
Scientificc Notation
● 0.000000000000001 is 1 x 10 -15
● 14,000,000,000 is 1.4 x 1010

Scientific notation is a way of expressing numbers that are

too large or too small to be conveniently written in decimal
form. It may be referred to as scientific form or standard
index form.
Scientificc Notation
Exponent (n)
1.4 x 10 6

Decimal part Exponential part

A positive exponent (n) means 1 multiplied by 10 n times

100 = 1
101 = 1 x 10 = 10
102 = 1 x 10 x 10 = 100
103 = 1 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000
Scientificc Notation
Exponent (n)
1.4 x 10 -6

Decimal part Exponential part

A negative exponent (-n) means 1 divided by 10 n times

10-1 = 1 /10 = 0.1

10-2 = 1 / 10 x 10 = 0.01
10-3 = 1 / 10 x 10 x 10 = 0.001
 How to convert a number to scientific
notation
5,983 = 5.983 x 103
14,000,000,000,000 = 1.4 x 1013
0.00034 = 3.4 x 10-4
0.0000000071 = 7.1 x 10-9
315,000,000 = 3.15 x 108
• The exponent is negative if you moved the decimal point to the right.
• The exponent is positive if you moved the decimal point to the left.
Express each number in scientific
notation
a) 11,000,000
b) 37,692,000
c) 1,360,000
d) 19,306,000
e) 568,000
f) 1,344,000,000
g) 0.00000000007461
h) 0.000015
i) 0.000000000158
j) 0.143
Express each number in decimal
notation

a) 3.44 x 107
b) 7.2 x 10-3
c) 9.43 x 10-6
d) 1.9 x 102
e) 6.022 x 1020
Express each number in decimal
notation

a) 3.44 x 107 a) 34,400,000

b) 7.2 x 10-3
c) 9.43 x 10-6
d) 1.9 x 102
e) 6.022 x 1020
Express each number in decimal
notation

a) 3.44 x 107 a) 34,400,000

b) 7.2 x 10-3 b) 0.0072
c) 9.43 x 10-6
d) 1.9 x 102
e) 6.022 x 1020
Express each number in decimal
notation

a) 3.44 x 107 a) 34,400,000

b) 7.2 x 10-3 b) 0.0072
c) 9.43 x 10-6 c) 0.00000943
d) 1.9 x 102
e) 6.022 x 1020
Express each number in decimal
notation

a) 3.44 x 107 a) 34,400,000

b) 7.2 x 10-3 b) 0.0072
c) 9.43 x 10-6 c) 0.00000943
d) 1.9 x 102 d) 190
e) 6.022 x 1020
Express each number in decimal
notation

a) 3.44 x 107 a) 34,400,000

b) 7.2 x 10-3 b) 0.0072
c) 9.43 x 10-6 c) 0.00000943
d) 1.9 x 102 d) 190
e) 6.022 x 1020 e) 602,200,000,000,000,000,000
 Significan
t figures
Accuracy and precision are very
important in chemistry!
What are significant figures?
Significant figures of a number are
digits which contribute to the
precision of that number.

Progress:
Rules For Determining If a Number Is
Significant or Not

All non-zero digits are considered significant. 

For example, 91 has two significant figures (9
and 1), while 123.45 has five significant
figures (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).

Progress:
Rules For Determining If a Number Is
Significant or Not

Zeros appearing between two non-zero digits

(trapped zeros) are significant.
Example: 101.12 has five significant figures: 1,
0, 1, 1, and 2

Progress:
Rules For Determining If a Number Is
Significant or Not

Leading zeros (zeros before non-zero

numbers) are not significant. 
For example, 0.00052 has two significant
figures: 5 and 2.

Progress:
Rules For Determining If a Number Is
Significant or Not
Trailing zeros (zeros after non-zero
numbers) in a number without a decimal
are generally not significant. For
example, 400 has only one significant
figure (4). The trailing zeros do not
count as significant.

Progress:
Rules For Determining If a Number Is
Significant or Not
Trailing zeros in a number containing a decimal
point are significant. 
For example, 12.2300 has six significant
figures: 1, 2, 2, 3, 0, and 0. The number
0.000122300 still has only six significant
figures (the zeros before the 1 are not
significant). In addition, 120.00 has five
significant figures since it has three trailing
zeros. This convention clarifies the precision
of such numbers.
Rules For Determining If a Number Is
Significant or Not

Any numbers in scientific notation are

considered significant. 
For example, 4.300 x 10-4 has 4 significant
figures.

Progress:
How many significant figures are in
each number?
a) 58.31 i) 2.7 x 103
b) 897.971 j) 7.3601 x 103
c) 27001.4108 k) 0.500
d) 143.607 l) 0.0010000
e) 0.00008712 m)7.1000000 x 109
f) 6000
g) 6000.00
h) 300.1200
 Calculations with numbers having
different accuracies
Addition or Subtraction: the result must be reported
to the same number of decimal places as the number
with the fewest decimal places. 
For example:
  19. 2       g The answer is 147g since the
number with the least
    0. 4745 g
number of decimal places
127          g    is 127, we round up the
146. 6745 g = 147 g  final answer to the digit
with least/ no decimals
 Calculations with numbers having
different accuracies
Multiplication or Division: the result can have no
more significant figures than the least accurate
number.  For example:
If an object has mass of 29.1143 g and a volume of 25.0
cm3, then its density is given by
Density = 29.1143 g = 1.164572 g cm-3 = 1.16 g cm-3
             
25.0 cm3

The answer is 1.16 since the number with the least number of
significant figures is 25.0, which has only 3 significant figures,
the final answer must also have 3 significant figures.
This is Ser je 

Thank you
for
listening! Progress: