Introduction to artificial

respiration and
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Artificial respiration (ar)
Artificial Respiration is a procedure to
manually pump or blow air into the lungs of a
person when his or her normal or natural
breathing is inadequate or has ceased.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a
emergency procedure done to continue the
circulation of oxygen and blood inside a
person’s body when cardiac and respiratory
functioning has stopped.
defibrillator
Is a machine used parallel with CPR that delivers
a measured amount of electric shock to restore
and appropriate rhythm for the heart’s natural
pacemaker.
ventilation
Is an action by the first aider in the
administration of CPR that allows air to enter the
lungs of the patient, either by the mouth to mouth
delivery or by an artificial airway (endotracheal
tube).
compression
Is an action by the first aider in the
administration of CPR wherein the hands and arms are
used to manually pump the heart of the victim in the
definite rhythm to continue the circulation of blood
from the lungs to the heart to the brain, when
cardiac functioning has stopped.
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
1.Survey the scene - In every rescue, safety
is the primary consideration.
2.Introduce yourself to the public - You may
introduce yourself this way: “I am ______
(name of the first aider), a trained first
aider and rescuer, may I help?
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
3. Tap the shoulder of the victim three times to assess for
responsiveness - You may say: “Hey sir, hey sir, are you
okay? Hey sir, hey sir, are you okay? Hey sir, hey sir, are
you okay?”

If the victim responds in any way, such as groaning or

talking, check for injuries and place in recovery position
if there are none.
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
4. Ask help and activate medical assistance or EMS
(Emergency Medical Services) - If the victim is
unresponsive, the rescuer shall request a specific
person to call for an ambulance or a vehicle for
transportation, while the rescuer is doing the
preliminary survey.
DCAPBTLS FOR PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE RESCUERS

D - Deformity
C - Contusion
A - Abrasion
P - Puncture
B- Burn
T- Tenderness
L- Laceration
S - Swelling
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
5. Checks the vital functioning - If the victim
is unresponsive, check for the pulse and
breathing for about 5 seconds. Apply Look-Listen-
Feel to assess breathing and check the radial or
carotid pulse of the victim to assess
circulation.
Use the index and middle finger to assess the
radial pulse (left) or the carotid pulse
(right). (note: the carotid pulse is the last
out of the 10 pulse sites to be felt after
cardiac arrest).
6. If breathing is negative but the pulse of the victim is
positive, perform artificial respiration by following the
procedure:

- Remove any foreign objects inside the mouth (if present)

such as dentures or retainers. If they are fluids in the
mouth, turn the patient sideways to drain the fluid with
gravity.
- Open airway using the Head Tilt-Chin Lift method or the
Jaw-Thrust Method (if there is suspected spinal injury)
The Head Tilt-Chin Tilt maneuver will cause the
tongue to move up from the airway.
The Jaw Thrust Maneuver is done in cases of
suspected spinal injury to avoid injury to the
brainstem and spinal cord.
- Pinch the nostrils with the thumb and index finger
then place your mouth over the victim’s mouth.
- Blow air into the victim’s airway, making sure that no
air escapes as you blow into the mouth, then watch for
the rising of the chest.
- If the chest does not rise, then check the airway for
any obstruction. If the chest rises, continue with AR
until the victim breathes on his or her own, or until
medical assistance arrives.
7. If breathing and pulse are negative, apply Cardio
Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR):

- Shock first - if the rescuer is trained in using

defibrillator and the machine is available,
deliver one shock then proceed with CPR.
- Put the victim on his or her back onto a flat,
hard surface or a cardiac board (if available).
- Spell CAB (Circulation: Airway: Breathing) - Apply 30
compressions by following this procedure:

- Kneel next to the person’s neck and shoulders.

- Place the heel of the dominant hand on the center
of the victim’s chest, between the nipples (if
male) or between the breasts (if female).
- Place the on dominant hand over the dominant
hand. Interlace the fingers but make sure the
force is delivered onto the heel of the hand and
not on the fingers.
- Keep elbows straight and position shoulders
directly above the hands.
- Use the force from the shoulders and arms to
push straight down on the chest for at least 2
inches depth. Push hard at a rate of 100
compressions per minute.
- After 30 compressions, deliver 2 ventilation
following the procedure for Artificial
Respiration.
- Thirty (30) compressions with 2 ventilations is
1 Cycle. Perform 5 cycles then reassess vital
functioning.
- If vital functioning returns, place the victim
in recovery position (if there is no suspected
spinal injury) and wait for medical assistance.
- If vital functioning is absent, perform another
5 cycles until medical assistance arrives.
- Do not stop until the 5 cycles are completed. If
another rescuer is present, he or she may
substitute ad continue the cycles if the first
rescuer is exhausted.
- If medical assistance arrives before 5 cycles are
done, inform the medic on the number of cycles
you have performed so that he or she will allow
you to finish before they will take over.