Boardworks LTD 2004 1 of 58 ks3 Mathematics n7 Percentages

KS3 Mathematics
N7 Percentages
1 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

Learning objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are able to:
•Recognise when fractions, decimals and percentages are

equivalent and use this to calculate percentage

Contents
N7 Percentages
N7.1 Equivalent fractions, decimals and percentages
N7.2 Calculating percentages mentally
N7.3 Calculating percentages on paper
N7.4 Calculating percentages with a calculator
N7.5 Comparing proportions
N7.6 Percentage change

Percentages
Many words begin with ‘cent’:
1900 - 2000

Percentages
Percent means . . .

Percentages
A percentage is just a special type of fraction.
1% means 1 part per hundred
or 1
= 0.01
100

Percentages
1% means 1 part per hundred
or 1
= 0.01
100

Percentages
10% means 10 parts per hundred
or 10 1
= = 0.1
100 10

Percentages
or 10 1
= = 0.1
100 10

Percentages
or 25 1
= = 0.25
100 4

Percentages
or 25 1
= = 0.25
100 4

Percentages
or 50 1
= = 0.5
100 2

Percentages
or 50 1
= = 0.5
100 2

Percentages
or 100
= 1
100

Percentages
or 100
= 1
100

Writing percentages as fractions
‘Per cent’ means ‘out of 100’.

To write a percentage as a fraction we write it over a hundred.
For example,
23
46 46 23
46% = Cancelling: =
100 100 50
50
9
180 180 9 4
180% =
100
Cancelling:
100
=
5
= 1 5
5
3
7.5 15 15 3
7.5% = = Cancelling: =
100 200 200 40
40

Writing percentages as decimals
We can write percentages as decimals by dividing by 100.

For example,
46
46% = = 46 ÷ 100 = 0.46
100
7
7% = = 7 ÷ 100 = 0.07
100
130
130% = = 130 ÷ 100 = 1.3
100
0.2
0.2% = = 0.2 ÷ 100 = 0.002
100

Individual worksheet
1. Shade the percentage given
2. Write the fraction
3. Write the decimal

Percentages of shapes

Learner’s Book pg214
Worked example 10.1
a.
In the circle diagram shown, how much of the circle is:
i.pink? ii. blue?
Give your answers as decimals, fractions and percentages.

Learner’s Book pg214

Writing fractions as percentages
To write a fraction as a percentage, we can find an equivalent

fraction with a denominator of 100.
For example,
×5
17 85 85
= and = 85%
20 100 100
×5
×4
7 32 = 128 128
1 25
=
25 100
and
100
= 128%
×4
Writing fractions as percentages
To write a fraction as a percentage you can also multiply it

by 100%.
For example,
3 3
= × 100%
8 8
25
3 × 100%
=
8
2
75%
=
2
1
= 37 % 2

Writing decimals as percentages
To write a decimal as a percentage you can multiply it

by 100%.
For example,
0.08 = 0.08 × 100% 1.375 = 1.375 × 100%
= 8% = 137.5%

Using a calculator
We can also convert fractions to decimals and percentages

using a calculator.
For example,
5
= 5 ÷ 16 × 100% = 31.25%
16
4
= 4 ÷ 7 × 100% = 57.14% (to 2 d.p.)
7
5 13
1 8
=
8
= 13 ÷ 8 × 100% = 162.5%

Table of equivalences

Table of equivalences

Ordering on a number line

Dominoes

Contents
N7 Percentages

Calculating percentages mentally
Some percentages are easy to work out mentally:
To find 1% Divide by 100

Calculating percentages mentally
We can use percentages that we know to find other

percentages.
Suggest ways to work out:
15%
20%
30%
60%
2% 49%
75%
150%
11%
0.5 % 17.5%

Spider diagram

Contents
N7 Percentages

Calculating percentages using fractions
Remember, a percentage is a fraction out of 100.
16% of 90, means “16 hundredths of 90”
or
4 18
16 16 × 90
× 90 =
100 100 25
5
= 72
5
2
= 14 5

What is 23% of 57?
We can use fractions: Working

23 × 20 3
23% of 57 = × 57
100 50 1000 150 1150
23 × 57
= 7 140 21 + 161
100
1311 1 3 11
= 100
1
11
= 13 100

What is 87% of 28?
Using fractions again: Working

87
87% of 28 = × 28
100 87
7 × 7
87 × 28
=
100 25 609
609 4
= 25
9
= 24 25

Calculating percentages using decimals
What is 4% of 9?
We can also calculate percentages using an equivalent

decimal operator.
4% of 9 = 0.04 × 9
= 4 × 9 ÷ 100
= 36 ÷ 100
= 0.36

Contents
N7 Percentages

Estimating percentages
We can find more difficult percentages using a calculator.
It is always sensible when using a calculator to start by making

an estimate.
For example, estimate the value of:
19% of £82  20% of £80 = £16
27% of 38m  25% of 40m = 10m
73% of 159g  75% of 160g = 120g

Using a calculator
By writing a percentage as a decimal, we can work out a

percentage using a calculator.
Suppose we want to work out 38% of £65.
38% = 0.38
So we key in:
0 . 3 8 × 6 5 =
And get an answer of 24.7
We write the answer as £24.70

Using a calculator
We can also work out a percentage using a calculator by

converting the percentage to a fraction.
Suppose we want to work out 57% of £80.

57
57% = = 57 ÷ 100
100
So we key in:
5 7 ÷ 1 0 0 × 8 0 =
We write the answer as £45.60

Using a calculator
We can also work out percentage on a calculator by finding

1% first and multiplying by the required percentage.
Suppose we want to work out 37.5% of £59.
1% of £59 is £0.59 so, 37.5% of £59 is £0.59 × 37.5.
We key in:
0 . 5 9 × 3 7 . 5 =
We write the answer as £22.13 (to the nearest penny).

Contents
N7 Percentages

One number as a percentage of another
There are 35 sweets in a bag. Four of

the sweets are orange flavour.
What percentage of sweets are orange
flavour?
Start by writing the proportion of orange sweets as a fraction.

4
4 out of 35 =
35
Then convert the fraction to a percentage.
20
4 × 100% 3
4
35
× 100% =
35
=
7
80%
7
= 11 % 7

One number as a percentage of another
Petra put £32 into a bank account. After one year she received
80p interest.
What percentage interest rate did she receive?
To write 80p out of £32 as a fraction we must use the same
units.
In pence, Petra gained 80p out of 3200p.
80 1
=
3200 40
We then convert the fraction to a percentage.
5
1 100%
× 100% = = 2.5%
40 40
2

Using percentages to compare proportions
Matthew sat tests in English, Maths and Science.
His results were:
English Maths Science

74 17 66
80 20 70
Which test did he do best in?

To compare the marks we can write each fraction as a
percentage.

English
74 74
= × 100% = 74 ÷ 80 × 100% = 92.5%
80 80
Maths
17 17
= × 100% = 17 ÷ 20 × 100% = 85%
20 20
Science
66 66
= × 100% = 66 ÷ 70 × 100% = 94.3% (to 1 d.p.)
70 70
We can see that Matthew did best in his Science test.

Chocolate Cheesy
Cookies Crisps
Nutrition Information Nutrition Information
Typical Value Per 10g biscuit Typical Value Per 23 g bag
Energy 233kj Energy 504kj

Protein 0.6g Protein 1.6g
Carbohydrate 6.7g Carbohydrate 13g
Fat 2.2g Fat 7g
Fibre 0.2g Fibre 0.3g
Sodium <0.05g Sodium 0.2g
Which product contains the smallest percentage of carbohydrate?

The chocolate cookies contain 6.7g of carbohydrate for every

10g of biscuits.
6.7
6.7g out of 10g = × 100% = 6.7 ÷ 10 × 100% = 67%
10
The cheesy crisps contain 13g of carbohydrate for every 23g

of crisps.
13
13g out of 23g = × 100% = 13 ÷ 23 × 100%
23
= 56.5% (to 1 d.p)
The cheesy crisps contain a smaller percentage of

carbohydrate.

Contents
N7 Percentages

Percentage increase and decrease
Factory workers demand 15% pay increase
SALE Bus fares set to rise by 30%

20% off all
marked prices!
House prices
PC now only
predicted to
£568 1 25% extra free!
fall by 2%
next year
Plus 17 2 % VAT

Percentage increase
To increase an amount by a 20%, for example, we can find

20% of the amount and then add it on to the original amount.
We can represent the original amount as 100% like this:
100% 20%
When we add on 20%, we have 120% of the original amount.

Finding 120% of the original amount is equivalent to finding
20% and adding it on.

Percentage increase
For example,
Increase £50 by 60%.
160% × £50 = 1.6 × £50

= £80
Increase £20 by 35%

135% × £20 = 1.35 × £20
= £27

Percentage increase
What happens if we increase an amount by 100%?
We take the original amount and we add on 100%.
100% 100%
We now have 200% of the original amount.
This is equivalent to 2 times the original amount.

Percentage increase
What happens if we increase an amount by 200%?
We take the original amount and we add on 200%.
100% 200%
We now have 300% of the original amount.
This is equivalent to 3 times the original amount.

Percentage decrease
To decrease an amount by 30%, for example, we can find

30% of the amount and then subtract it from the original
amount.
We can represent the original amount as 100% like this:
70% 100% 30%
When we subtract 30% we have 70% of the original amount.

Finding 70% of the original amount is equivalent to finding
30% and subtracting it.

Percentage decrease
For example,
Decrease £75 by 20%.
80% × £75 = 0.8 × £75

= £60
Decrease £56 by 34%

66% × £56 = 0.66 × £56
= £36.96

Shares problem
Jason bought £200 worth of shares.
In the first week the shares went up 12%.
In the second week, however, the shares went down 12%.
“Oh well,” said Jason, “at least I’m back to the amount I
started with.”
Jason is wrong. Why?

Finding a percentage change
Sometimes, we are given an original value and a new value

and we are asked to find the percentage change.
All t-shirts
were £25 now
only £17!
What is the percentage decrease?
The decrease is £25 – £17 = £8

8 32
The percentage decrease is = = 32%
25 100

Finding the original amount
Sometimes, we are given the result of a given percentage

increase or decrease and we have to find the original amount.
I bought some jeans in a sale. They had

15% off and I only paid £25.50 for them.
What is the original price of the jeans?
We can solve this using inverse operations.

Let p be the original price of the jeans.
p × 0.85 = £25.50 so p = £25.50 ÷ 0.85 = £30

Sometimes, we are given the result of a given percentage

increase or decrease and we have to find the original amount.
I bought some jeans in a sale. They had

15% off and I only paid £25.50 for them.
What is the original price of the jeans?
We can show this using a diagram:

× 0.85%
Price before Price after
discount. discount.
÷ 0.85%

Boardworks LTD 2004 1 of 58 ks3 Mathematics n7 Percentages

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KS3 Mathematics

1 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

At the end of this lesson, you are able to:

•Recognise when fractions, decimals and percentages are

2 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

N7.1 Equivalent fractions, decimals and percentages

N7.2 Calculating percentages mentally

N7.3 Calculating percentages on paper

N7.4 Calculating percentages with a calculator

N7.5 Comparing proportions

N7.6 Percentage change

3 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

Many words begin with ‘cent’:

4 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

5 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

1% means 1 part per hundred

6 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

1% means 1 part per hundred

7 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

10% means 10 parts per hundred

8 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

10% means 10 parts per hundred

9 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

25% means 25 parts per hundred

10 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

25% means 25 parts per hundred

11 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

50% means 50 parts per hundred

12 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

50% means 50 parts per hundred

13 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

100% means 100 parts per hundred

14 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

A percentage is just a special type of fraction.

100% means 100 parts per hundred

15 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

‘Per cent’ means ‘out of 100’.

16 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

We can write percentages as decimals by dividing by 100.

17 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

18 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

19 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

Give your answers as decimals, fractions and percentages.

20 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

21 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

To write a fraction as a percentage, we can find an equivalent

To write a fraction as a percentage you can also multiply it

23 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

To write a decimal as a percentage you can multiply it

0.08 = 0.08 × 100% 1.375 = 1.375 × 100%

24 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

We can also convert fractions to decimals and percentages

25 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004

26 of 58 © Boardworks Ltd 2004