ADSORPTION AND

FREUNDLICH
ADSORPTION
ISOTHERM
SUBMITTED TO : DR. DEEPIKA RAINA
SUBMITTED BY: TANVI KOHLI
ROLL NUMBER: 2050991114
 Adsorption is the phenomenon of higher concentration of a species
on the surface of another substance than in the bulk.
The extent of adsorption increases with the increase of sur face area
per unit mass of the adsorbent at a given temperature and pressure.
ADSORBENT
ADSORPTION The substance on whose surface adsorption takes place is known as
the Adsorbent.
ADSORBATE
ADSORBATE
The substance which is adsorbed on the surface of another
substance is known as Adsorbate.
 PHYSICAL ADSORPTION CHEMICAL ADSORPTION

 It arises because of Vander

 It is caused by chemical bond
Waals' .
formation.
TYPES OF  It is reversible in nature.
 It is irreversible.
 Enthalpy of adsorption is low
ADSORPTION (20-40) kJ mole in this case.
 Enthalpy of adsorption is
high (80-240 kJ mol¹) here.
 Low temperature is favorable
 High temperature is
for adsorption.
favorable for adsorption.
 It results into multi-molecular
 It results into uni-molecular
layers on adsorbent surface
layer.
under high pressure.
 ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS
The variation in the amount of gas adsorbed by the adsorbent with
pressure at constant temperature can be expressed by means of a
curve termed as adsorption isotherm.
ADSORPTION ISOTHERM is the graph between the amount of
adsorption and gas pressure at constant temperature.
 Freundlich, in 1909, gave an empirical relationship between the
quantity of gas adsorbed by unit mass of solid adsorbent and
pressure at a particular temperature.

FREUNDLICH The relationship can be expressed by following equation :

ADSORPTION Here,
x = mass of the gas adsorbed
ISOTHERM m = mass of the solid adsorbent
p = the equilibrium pressure
k and n are the constants which depend on the nature of the gas (adsorbate) and the
adsorbent at a particular temperature.
GRAPH OF FREUNDLICH ADSORPTION ISOTHERM
 AT LOW PRESSURES
Here, the amount of adsorption is directly proportional to the
pressure. This behavior is observed in the initial stages of
adsorption.
AT HIGH PRESSURES

Here the amount of adsorption is independent to the pressure. This

behavior is observed in the final stages. This happens when the
CONDITIONS surface of the adsorbent is already fully occupied and no further
adsorption can take place.
AT INTERMEDIATE PRESSURES

Here also, the amount of adsorption is directly proportional to the

pressure. This behavior is observed in the intermediate stages. Here,
adsorption increases with increase in pressure but the increase in
this case is less than the increase in the initial stage of low
pressures. Here, the values of 1/n will range from 0-1.
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