WATE

Dapat, Joana Grace

Detoito, Christine
R
Medalla, Elvin Jay
Rosantina, Mark Anthony

Group 9- IE-2105
 Data and Information (Historical up to
A. latest)

Content B. Challenges the Philippines is facing now

and in future

C. Programs and policies created/

implemented to address the challenges

D. References
 Water

A. Data and Information

(Historical data up to latest)
 Data and Information
Philippines is a country rich in natural resources, including abundant surface
and groundwater resources. Its total internal water resource is estimated at 130
cubic km per year. However, despite the vastness of this potential supply, the
country has a low freshwater availability per capita and experiences water-
related problems.

From the Philippines‘ until 1955, most water supply systems were operated
by local authorities. From 1955 to 1971, control of urban water supply was
passed to the national government. In order to improve service delivery, the
sector has been repeatedly subjected to extensive reforms which created
numerous institutions and responsibilities. However, comprehensive water
resources management was only introduced in 2004.
 Data and Information
Table 1. Groundwater Availability (in MCM)
Water Resources Groundwater Surface Total Water Percent
Region Potential Water Resources Ground
    Potential Potential Water to Total
Potential

X Northern Mindanao 2,116 29,000 31,116 6.8

VI Western Visayas 1,144 14,200 15,344 7.45

IX Western Mindanao 1,082 12,100 13,182 8.21
XII Southern Mindanao 1,758 18,700 20,458 8.59

XI Southeastern Mindanao 2,375 11,300 13,675 17.37

III Central Luzón 1,721 7,890 9,611 17.91

IV Southern Tagalog 1,410 6,370 7,780 18.12
VIII . Eastern Visayas 2,557 9,350 11,907 21.47

II Cagayan Valley 2,825 8,510 11,335 24.92

V Bicol 1,085 3,060 4,145 26.18
I Ilocos 1,248 3,250 4,498 27.75
VII Central Visayas 879 2,060 2,939 29.91
Total 20,200 125,790 145,990 13.84
Source: NWRB, 2003.
 Data and Information
Agriculture is the highest water user with
approximately ¾ share of the total water
supply. In 2003, the agricultural water
Water Usage
withdrawals in the Philippines were estimated
9%
at 91% of the supposed agricultural water use.
17% The remaining percentage accounts for the
use of rainfall as direct water source. Most of
the water input of agricultural sector goes to
irrigation for the rice production.
74%
Domestic usage with includes municipal
Industrial Domestic Agricultural and recreation while the remaining 9% of the
chart is for industrial use.
 Data and Information
The National Water
NAWASA was Resources Board The Water Crisis Act
transformed into the (NWRB) was created was passed, providing
Metropolitan through the National the legal framework
Waterworks and Water Code of the for the privatization of
Sewerage System Philippines to MWSS.
(MWSS) under the coordinate policies
government of
Ferdinand Marcos.
1973 concerning water 1991
resources

1971 Water Districts 1976

Under the Local
Government Code, 1995
were formed which certain infrastruc-ture
would operate with functions were devolved
a certain degree of to LGUs  Barangays,
autonomy from provinces, and cities
LGUs. were authorized to
finance, operate, and
maintain their own water
supply systems.
 
 Data and Information
The Philippines Another program of,
Clear Water Act was through the Department of
Interior and Local
passed to improve Government, is the Sagana at
water quality and Ligtas na Tubig Para sa
prevent pollution Lahat (SALINTUBIG)
through program that aims to provide
comprehensive and clean and potable water
integrated water supply to almost 455
management. 2013 waterless municipalities in
the Philippines
2017
 

Conducted “Water
2004 The Bottom-Up 2014 Pre-Summits towards
Budgeting (BUB) a Comprehensive
Project was
National Water Plan”
implemented by the
Aquino administration,
in accordance with
in its National Budget the directives of the
administration.
 Water

B. Challenges the Philippines is facing

(now and in future)
 Challenges the Philippines is facing
Philippines' water and sanitation crisis
• Out of 105 million people living in the Philippines, nearly seven million rely on unsafe and
unsustainable water sources and 24 million lack access to improved sanitation.

• In the Philippines and around the world, people are navigating the COVID-19 pandemic, and
millions are striving to endure this crisis with an added challenge. They lack access to life’s most
critical resource – water. Now more than ever access to safe water is critical to the health of
families in the Philippines.
 Challenges the Philippines is facing
Water shortage in the Philippines threatens sustainable development
and health
• In the Philippines, around 1 in 10 people still do not have access to improved
water sources.

“Water is an extremely important resource that we cannot live without. But

there are Filipinos who are still being left behind in terms of access to improved
water sources, especially in rural communities,” said Dr Gundo Weiler, WHO
Representative in the Philippines.
 Challenges the Philippines is facing
Water shortage in the Philippines threatens sustainable development
and health
• When water is scarce, people are often forced to rely on
drinking water sources that may not be safe. They may
also lack sufficient water for basic hygiene - to wash
themselves and their clothes, and to prevent infection
including from foodborne and waterborne diseases.
• Low or negative water pressure in pipes due to short
supply can attract contaminants that will put water quality
at risk when the supply is restored.
 Challenges the Philippines is facing

Inefficient water use • Most of the existing water supply projects are
inadequately managed, as characterized by low
service efficiency resulting in supply deficiencies to
meet the water demand.

• Tremendous waste of water in distribution lines,

irrigation canals and at homes. Inefficiency in water
usage was exacerbated by the absence of
regulations, economic incentives and institutional
arrangements needed to promote water conservation
and rational use of water.
 Challenges the Philippines is facing
c
Limited water resources and their spatial and temporal distribution

• Although the Philippines is endowed with abundant water resources, the

distribution of these resources varies widely in time and place as result of
the different geographic and climate conditions prevailing in different parts
of the country.
• In recent years, the issue of climate change due to human activities posed a
major concern to water managers, planners and policy makers.
• The climate change has occurred because the present water management
practices are mainly based on semi-stationary geophysical processes with
inadequate consideration being given to increasing demands owing to
population and land use changes.
 Challenges the Philippines is facing
Water pollution
• Although water resources have become scarce in some regions and
seasons, the Philippines as a whole has more than enough surface and
groundwater. However, neglecting to have a coherent environmental
policy has led to the contamination of 58% of the groundwater in the
Philippines. The main source of pollution is untreated domestic and
industrial wastewater. 
• It is estimated that in 2025, water availability will be marginal in
most major cities and in 8 of the 19 major river basins. Besides • Only 1/3 of Philippine
severe health concerns, water pollution also leads to problems in the  river systems are
fishing and tourism industries. considered suitable for
public water supply.
 Challenges the Philippines is facing
Lack of water allocation formula

• With the increase of population coupled with worsening pollution of water, lack
of infrastructure and facilities and dry spell causing water shortages regularly in
many areas resulting in allocation issues and conflicting rights over the limited
water supply.

• The institution of a tradable water rights regime requires the establishment of a

secure property right to water. Under such regime, the water rights should be sold
freely at negotiated prices to any one for any purpose.
 Challenges the Philippines is facing
Fragmented management

• One of the most critical issues confronting the Philippine water sector is
the lack of an appropriate institutional framework to address issues of
development and management of water and related resources.
• At present, there are over 30 government agencies and departments
separately dealing with water supply, irrigation, hydropower, flood
control, pollution, watershed management, etc.
• It is this fragmented approach to water management bringing about an
overlap of work and conflicts among agencies that result in fractional
water management plan that does not adequately meet the requirements
for sustainability.
 Water

C. Policies and Programs created or implemented to

address challenges/problems in water
 Clean Water Act of
The Philippines passed the Clean Water Act of 2004 to
help prevent further pollution of natural clean water sources. 2004 (Republic Act No.
Through these reforms, the Filipino government attempted to 9275)
create a sense of accountability within the region by levying
fines on polluters. Severity of the fine is dependent on the type
of pollutant found—such as organic, inorganic, and stock
pollutants—as well as the classification of the body of water the
pollution was found in, such as rivers, streams, and so forth.
The accumulation of pollution fines from lakes and rivers
may equal a fraction of the cost of implementing proper water
treatment and disposal of water waste within a corporation. As
long as the fines are less expensive than proper disposal of
pollutants, corporations will choose to continue to pollute.
 Provincial Water
Utilities Act of 1973
Declaring a national policy favoring local operation and (PD 198)
control of water systems; authorizing the formation of local
water districts and providing for the government and
administration of such districts; chartering a national
administration to facilitate improvement of local water
utilities; granting said administration such powers as are
necessary to optimize public service from water utility
operations, and for other purposes.
Executive Order No. 192 of 1987 Other acts and
To manage, conserve and develop forestlands; watersheds;
and maintain water quality. policies
 
Republic Act No. 8041- National Water Crisis Act of 1995
To address the water crisis, including supply, finance,
privatization of state-run water facilities, protection and
conservation of watersheds and the waste and pilferage of
water.
 
IRR of NEDA Board Res. No. 4 of 1994
To set quality standards for water testing, treatment, and
surveillance and sanitary practices.
 Pro-WATER: Promoting Water and Sanitation Access, Integrity,
Empowerment, Rights and Resiliency
Aware of the current situation of fragmentation in implementing water, sanitation and hygiene
at the level of local governments, the joint program will emphasize inter-agency collaboration and
complementation at all levels. Given this, the joint program will bring about 3 major results:
1) Improved governance of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene at all levels especially at the local
levels.
2) Broadened access through improved solutions that are demonstrated in the implementation of
safe water, sanitation and hygiene that will benefit most especially women and girls in
households, schools, health centers and public spaces.
3) Generated knowledge utilized to aid policy advocacy, planning, capacity building based on the
experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of integrated safe water, sanitation and
hygiene.
Pro-WATER: Promoting Water and Sanitation Access, Integrity,
Empowerment, Rights and Resiliency

The framework ensures a coordinated, harmonized approach to

implementing safe water, sanitation and hygiene programs at the local level. To
facilitate efficiently the realization of the intended results, the joint program
will be implemented in three (3) components:

1. Improving Local Governance of Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Component
2. Demonstrating Solutions to Broaden Access to Safe Water Supply and
Improve Sanitation and Hygiene Component
3. Generating & Utilizing Knowledge on Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Pro-WATER: Promoting Water and Sanitation Access, Integrity,
Empowerment, Rights and Resiliency
 GoAL WaSH Philippines
Achieving the SDGs through the Integrated Safe Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene Approach – iWaSH Governance.

Objectives:
• Increase the number of households, schools and health centers with
access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene.
• Improve national and local policies on integrated safe water,
sanitation and hygiene.
 GoAL WaSH Philippines

• The Philippines is a signatory of the 2030 Agenda and the 17 SDGs. These are
expressed in the Philippine Development Plan 2017 – 2022, providing an
opportunity to effectively sustain the implementation of the integrated safe
water, sanitation and hygiene (iWaSH) approach.

• Through GoAL WaSH, there is an opportunity to institutionalize iWaSH in

national policies specifically in the water and sanitation roadmaps.
 Water

D.References
D. References
 References
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308044429_Water_Resources_in_the_Philippines_An_Overview_of_its_Uses_Management_Problems_and_Prospects
https://www.wetlands.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NWRB_WRM-in-the-Phil-Status-Challenges-and-Opportunities.pdf
http://www.fao.org/3/ab776e/ab776e03.htm
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1973/05/25/presidential-decree-no-198-s-1973/
https://www.who.int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/water-shortage-in-the-philippines-threatens-sustainable-development-and-health
https://water.org/our-impact/where-we-work/philippines/#:~:text=Philippines'%20water%20and%20sanitation%20crisis&text=Despite%20its%20growing
%20economy%2C%20the,adequate%20water%20and%20sanitation%20services
https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/10/10/supplements/philippines-hotspot-water-crisis/290528/
https://www.sdgfund.org/sites/default/files/SDG%20Fund%20-%20Philippines%20-%20PRO-WATER_%20Promoting%20Water%20and%20Sanitation
%20Access,%20Integrity,%20Empowerment,%20Rights%20and%20Resiliency.pdf
https://aseaniwrm.water.gov.my/iwrm-in-philippines/#:~:text=Water%20pollution%20management%20in%20the,pollution%20from%20land%2Dbased
%20sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.461.4098&rep=rep1&type=pdf&fbclid=IwAR02szVv8zKf0ptucO04vqehN_qx1-
MPqm87OO0_oTMEHFdCgxDhe2czUdM#page=17
https://psa.gov.ph/content/water-resources
https://nwrb.gov.ph/images/Downloads/2017_Annual_Report.pdf