PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF

What is Psychology?

• Come from the Greek word “Psyche” which means

breath, spirit, soul and “Logia” which means study of the
mind.
• Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Psychology as an Empirical Science

• relies on empiral evidence as a way of knowing about

how we think, feel, and behave.
What is Theory?

• A theory is a general set of principles proposed to explain

how a number of separate facts are related (map reading
as an example)
• A theory allows you to:
– propose reasons for relationship
– derive explainations
– make predictions
Goals of Psychology

• Describe,
• Explain,
• Predict, and
• Influence bahavior and mental processes.
FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Clinical
2. Counseling
3. School
4. Educational
5. Developmental
6. Personality
7. Social
8. Environmental
9. Expirimental
10. Industrial
11. Industrial
- Organizational
- Human Factors
- Consumer
12. Health
13. Sport
14. Forensic
APPROACHES OF PSYHOLOGY

Expiremental Psychology begins with Structuralism

•Struturalism breaks consciousness experienes into:
– Objective sensations (sight or taste) and
– Subjective feelings (emotions, memories, dreams)
•Mind functions by combining objective and subjective
elements of experience.
Functionalism
•by William James
•focused on behavior in addition to mind and
consciousness.
•Use direct observations to supplement introspection.
•Influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution or natural
selection.
Behaviorism
•focuses on learning observable (measurable) behavior.
•According to John Broadus Watson
– The proponent of “Little Albert” Study
•According to B. F. Skinner
– Psychologist who developed “operant conditioning theory”
– Beyod Freedom and Dignity (1971)
Gestalt Psychology
•By Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler (1920)
•Is the study of the perception and its influence on thinking
and and problem-solving.
– Perception are more than sum of their parts.
– Active and purposeful
– Insight learning
Psychoanalysis
•It was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
•It make unconscious conscious; it restrain trauma through
therapy.
Cognition Affects Behavior
•According to Tolman
– animals could learn by observation (behavioral approach
could not make sense anymore.
– Reasearch on memory
•George Miller launched the cognitive revolution on psychology
(1957)
•Ulric Neisser (1967)
– Cognitive Psychology is concerned with higher-order mental
functions such as intelligence, thinking, language, memory,
and decision-making
•Computers are examples of information processing theories.
Relations of Psychology to other Related Sciences

• Psychology does not operate as a vacuum. It draws facts

from other related sciences.
• Anthropology is a science that study man's culture. To
understand the culture of the people, the study of the
individuals within the culture is necessary which the field
of psycchology.
• Sociology deals with the origin and evaluation of human
society and the progress of civilization. Sociology is
interested on the behavior of the group while psychology
is interested in the behavior of individual in the group.
• Pysiology deals with the operation of the body systems
and organs and their interactions. In psychology, it studies
human behavior as affected by these body systems and
organs.
• Biology studies living organisms, their functions and
processes. Psychology studies human behavior as
affected by cells, chromosomes, hormones, genes, and
other body functions.
• Economics is concerned with the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods as well as services.
Psychology deals on the individual behavior as affected
by economic matters.
• Political Science deals with the origins, organizations,
priniples, and operations of the government. Psychology is
concerned with individual behavior - governed and governing.
• Chemistry deals with the composition and property of
substance and the changes that take place in those
substances. Substances (drugs and poisons for instance)
have effect on psychological functioning and behavior of
individual taking those drugs-and which belong realm of
psychology.
• Psychiatry is a field of medicine that is concerned with the
treatment of mental illness. Clinical psychology for instance is
concerned with the diagnosis of abnormal behavior before
treatment is given vy a psychiatrist.