BME SEGi University

Design I: Basic Skills

Chapter 2 - Geometry Construction

Part 2

PowerPoint® Slides
By YYSIA

Last Updated:
Monday, February 21, 2022
 Learning Objectives

 To describe the importance of engineering geometry in

the design process.
 To list the major categories of geometric entities.
 To apply original concept or idea usually placed on paper
and communicated to others by way of graphic
language in the form of freehand sketches.

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 Learning Outcomes

 To describe different types of lines: construction line,

centre line, hidden line, object outline, etc.
 To apply mechanical engineering technique in sketching
lines, circles, arcs, and curves and also be able to use
various sketching techniques.
 To manage good hand lettering practice to add text to a
drawing.

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There is a right
angle lines. Intersection
point between two lines is
point O. Put compass nail
e
on point O. pl
m
• Step II: Create a big arc sa
with any convenient radius
from horizontal lines to
vertical lines.
• Step III: New intersection
points between arc and
lines are point A and B. Put
compass needle point on

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• point A and draw a small
arc with any convenient
radius.
• Step IV: Repeat Step III
e
from point B and draw a pl
m
small arc again with same sa
radius to intersect with the
arc. New intersection point
is point C now.
• Step V: Put compass
needle point on point C and
draw an arc from point A to
B.

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There is an acute
angle lines in 30 degree.
Intersection point between
both lines is point O.
e
Create an intersection pl
m
points on both line with a sa
compass from point O with
any convenient radius. The
points are point A and B
now.
• Step II: Put compass
needle point on point A and
create small arc with any

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• convenient radius.
• Step III: Repeat Step II
from point B and create
another arc with same
e
radius. pl
m
• Step IV: Use 30 degree set sa
square and make sure it is
parallel with OA line but
tangent with the arc.
• Step V: Draw a line as it is
tangent to the arc.

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step VI: Repeat Step IV
and V. New line will
intersect with the previous
line. New intersection point
e
is point C now. pl
m
• Step VII: There is an acute sa
angle lines in 30 degree.
Put compass nail on point
C and stretch to point A.
• Step VIII: Start to draw an
arc from point A to B.

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There is an obtuse
angle line in 120 degree.
Intersection point between
two lines is point O. Put
e
compass needle point on pl
m
point O and draw an sa
intersection point on the
lines with any convenient
radius.
• Step II: The new
intersection points are point
A and B. Put compass
needle point on point A

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• and draw a small arc with
any convenient radius.
• Step III: Repeat Step II
from point B and draw
e
another small arc with pl
m
same radius. sa
• Step IV: Draw a line that
tangent to the arc each and
parallel to obtuse angle line
each.
• Step V: New intersection
points between the lines is
point C now. Put compass

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 Create a Tangent Arc - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• needle point on it and
stretch to the obtuse angle
line. Draw the arc from the
line to line.
e
pl
m
sa

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 Create a Tangent Arc – Arc

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There are two
circles with different
diameters, 25 mm and 50
mm diameter. After a big
e
arc radius is determined as pl
m
100 mm, put compass sa
needle point on centre of
the small circle, point A.
Draw a small arc in 12.5 +
100 mm radius.
• Step II: Repeat Step I from
centre of the big arc, point
B. Draw another small.

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 Create a Tangent Arc – Arc

Step-by-Step Guideline
• in 25 + 100 mm radius.
• Step III: New intersection
point between two arcs is
point G now. Put compass
e
needle point on it and draw pl
m
the big arc in 100 mm sa
radius by tangent-to-
tangent with both circles.

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 Create an Ellipse

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There are two
circles with different sizes,
100 mm and 200 mm
diameter. Draw a vertical
e
line inside small circle from pl
m
upper quadrant, point C to sa
lower quadrant, point D.
• Step II: Draw a horizontal
line inside big circle from
left quadrant, point A to
right quadrant, point B.
New intersection point
between two lines is point
O now.
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 Create an Ellipse

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step III: Draw an inclined
line inside big circle with
different angles, 15, 30, 45,
60, and 75 degree on the
e
left and right hand sides pl
m
with a 30 degree set sa
square.
• Step IV: From big and
small outer circles, two new
intersection points on the
15 degree inclined line are
point X and H. Draw a
horizontal and vertical lines

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 Create an Ellipse

Step-by-Step Guideline
• from the points that will
intersect each other. New
intersection point is point E
now.
e
• ep V: Repeat Step IV for pl
m
other inclined lines to get sa
new intersection points.
• Step VI: Then, put France
curve close to the
intersection points and
make sure it is tangent-to-
tangent.

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 Create a Hyperbola with Rectangle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: Create horizontal
axis from 1 to 4 and 4 to 1
since it is in symmetric
form.
e
• Step II: Draw vertical line pl
m
from 1 (horizontal) to above sa
same level with 4 (vertical).
• Step III: Repeat Step II for
vertical axis from 1 to 4
only.
• Step IV: Draw inclined line
from 1 (vertical) to above
midpoint of 4 (horizontal).

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 Create a Hyperbola with Rectangle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step V: Repeat Step IV for
2, 3, and 4 (vertical) to
above midpoint of 4
(horizontal).
e
• Step VI: There are new pl
m
intersection points between sa
inclined lines and vertical
lines. Put France curve
close to the points by
tangent-to-tangent.
• Step VII: Start to draw arc
tangent-to-tangent to get
ellipse.

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 References

1) Giesecke, F.E. et al., Technical Drawing,13thEdition,

Prentice Hall, 2005
2) Bertoline, G.R., Wiebe, E.N., Miller., Technical Graphics
and Communication, 3rdEdition, Mc Graw Hill, 2003

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