BME SEGi University

Design I: Basic Skills

Chapter 2 - Geometry Construction

Part 1

PowerPoint® Slides
By YYSIA

Last Updated:
Monday, February 21, 2022
 Learning Objectives

 To describe the importance of engineering geometry in

the design process.
 To list the major categories of geometric entities.
 To apply original concept or idea usually placed on paper
and communicated to others by way of graphic
language in the form of freehand sketches.

Last Updated:
Last Updated: Monday, February 21, 2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 2
 Learning Outcomes

 To describe different types of lines: construction line,

centre line, hidden line, object outline, etc.
 To apply mechanical engineering technique in sketching
lines, circles, arcs, and curves and also be able to use
various sketching techniques.
 To manage good hand lettering practice to add text to a
drawing.

Last Updated:
Last Updated: Monday, February 21, 2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 3
 Bisect a Line or an Angle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: Draw a horizontal
line from point A to B
• Step II: From point A, put
your compass nail on and
e
draw a small arc above the pl
m
AB line. Do the same thing sa
from point B and make
sure its arc intersects with
previous arc. The
intersection point is point D
now.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 4

 Bisect a Line or an Angle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step III: Repeat Step II but
both new arcs are below
AB line. The new
intersection point is point E
e
now. pl
m
• Step IV: Once you have sa
point D and E, you can
start to draw a line from
both points by using a set
square.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 5

 Bisect an Angle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There are two lines
formed by point A, B, and
C, which subsequently
produce an angle between
e
them. pl
m
• Step II: Use a compass sa
with its nail starts from
point A and draw an arc
from AB line to AC line with
any convenient radius.
Intersection point between
the arc and AC line is point
E while Intersection point

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 6

 Bisect an Angle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• between the arc and AB
line is point F.\
• Step III: From point E, put
your compass nail on and
e
start to draw a small arc pl
m
between AC and AB lines sa
with any convenient radius.
Do the same thing from
point F and make sure new
arc intersects with the
previous arc. A new
intersection point is point D
now.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 7

 Bisect an Angle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step IV: Start to draw a line
from point A to point D with
a T-square.

e
pl
m
sa

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 8

 Bisect a Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There is a AB line in
horizontal form. Use a 45
degree set square and
make sure its inclined side
e
against point A while its pl
m
horizontal side aligns with sa
the AB line.
• Step II: Start to draw a line
from point A to above of
midpoint of the AB line.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 9

 Bisect a Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step III: Repeat Step II and
start from point B to the
above of midpoint of the AB
line. An intersection point
e
between both lines is point pl
m
C now. sa
• Step IV: Start to draw a
vertical line from the
midpoint of the AB line to
point C.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 10

 Create Parallel Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: There is a AB line
inclines in 30 degree.
Position your T-square and
set square side-by-side.
e
• Step II: Make sure inclined pl
m
side of set square is sa
aligned with the AB line.
• Step III: Move your set
square along the T-square
with offset 100 mm.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 11

 Create Parallel Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step IV: Start to draw a
new line from intersection
point of T-square and set
square to another side with
e
same length of AB line. pl
m
sa

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 12

 Create Spline Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: Create 6 segments
of AB spline line.
• Step II: Using a compass,
put its nail on first segment
e
and create a small arc pl
m
below the spline line with sa
any convenient radius.
• Step III: Repeat Step II and
start from different
segments.
• Step IV: Draw a new spline
line according to midpoint
of the arcs by France
curve.
Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 13
 Divide Line in Equal Part

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: Create 6 segments
of AB spline line.
• Step II: Using a compass,
put its nail on first segment
e
and create a small arc pl
m
below the spline line with sa
any convenient radius.
• Step III: Repeat Step II and
start from different
segments.
• Step IV: Draw a new spline
line according to midpoint
of the arcs by France
curve.
Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 14
 Create Equiangular Triangle

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: From AB line, put
compass nail on point A
and draw a big arc from
point B to above of
midpoint of the line. pl
e
m
• Step II: Repeat Step I and sa
create another arc. A new
intersection point between
two arcs is point C.
• Step III: Start to draw AC
and BC line by using set
square.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 15

 Create Polygon – Main Structure

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 16

 Create Polygon – Main Structure

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 17

 Create Polygon – Square

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 18

 Create Polygon – Pentagon

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 19

 Create Polygon – Pentagon

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 20

 Create Polygon – Hexagon

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 21

 Create Polygon – Hexagon

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 22

 Create a Tangent Circle - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
• Step I: Create a cross
inside given circle.
• Step II: Create another
cross inclined in 45 degree
e
inside the circle too. pl
m
• Step III: Draw a line in sa
sequence from intersection
point to another
intersection point between
cross and circle.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 23

 Create a Tangent Circle - Line

Step-by-Step Guideline
 Step I: There are two
different size of circles.
Make sure a 45 degree set
square is tangent to the big
circle. pl
e
m
 Step II: Start to draw a line sa
from upper circle tangent to
another circle tangent.
 Step III: Repeat Step II for
lower circle.

Last Updated: 21/02/2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 24

 References

1) Giesecke, F.E. et al., Technical Drawing,13thEdition,

Prentice Hall, 2005
2) Bertoline, G.R., Wiebe, E.N., Miller., Technical Graphics
and Communication, 3rdEdition, Mc Graw Hill, 2003

Last Updated:
Last Updated: Monday, February 21, 2022 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 25