Weather and climate

Class-7
Weather and climate
Weather
 Weather can be defined as
the specific atmospheric
condition of a particular place
at a particular time .
 It can vary from place to place
and time to time.
 Weather maybe sunny, windy,
rainy, cloudy, etc.
Climate
 Climate can be defined as the
average atmospheric
condition of a place over a
long period of time.
 It is the average weather
pattern of a place throughout
the year.
 The climate may be hot,
humid , cold and dry.
Clouds
Cloud can be defined as a grey or white mass of very small
drops of water that float in the sky.
When the water vapour changes back into water droplets,
cloud is formed.
Formation of cloud: The water present in the rivers, lakes,
oceans, etc gets converted into vapour due to the heat of the
sun. The water vapour rises up in the atmosphere and gets
mixed with dust particles. Then the mixture of water vapour
and dust particles undergoes condensation on cooling.
As a result, cloud is formed . Cloud is very light, so it floats
in the atmosphere.
Rain
The water present in ocean, river, pond, lake, etc gets
converted into vapour due to the heat of the sun.
Then the water vapour reaches high up in the sky, it
cools down and changes into clouds.
The clouds further cool down in the sky.
As a result, rainfall occurs on the earth.
High hills and forest play a great role in the formation
of rain.
In Nepal, heavy rainfall occurs in the months of Asar
and Shrawan.
Snow
Snow is a soft, white and fluffy crystalline water. It falls
from clouds.
It falls from clouds.
It is a granular material and found in the form of
flakes.
The himalayan remain covered with snow throughout
the year.
In Nepal, snowfall occurs in most of the tall peaks
during winter.
Dew
During winter season, the water vapour present in
atmosphere undergoes condensation and changes into
water droplets which is called dew.
So, dew is the water in the form of droplets that can be
seen on leaves.
We can observe dew on leaves and other objects in the
morning during winter season.
Air
The mixture of various gases like nitrogen, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, etc is called air.
The air is made of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03%
carbon dioxide by volume.
The surface of the earth is surrounded by thick layer of
air.
Atmosphere
Atmosphere is the thick layer of air that surrounds the
surface of the earth.
Various gases like nitrogen, oxygen , carbon dioxide,
water vapour, etc and dust particles are found in the
atmosphere.
On the basis of height and features, atmosphere is
divided into five layers.
1. Troposphere
Troposphere is the lowermost layer of atmosphere
which extends upto 16 km from the surface of the
earth.
Different heavy gases are found on this layer.
The temperature of this layer decreases as the height
increases.
Weather-related activities like rainfall, snowfall,
lightning, thunder, hailstones, etc occur in this layer.
Therefore, troposphere is very important for
meteorologists to study weather.
2.Stratosphere
Stratosphere is the layer of atmosphere which is
located between troposphere and mesosphere.
It extends between 16km to 50 km from the surface of
the earth.
This layer is very important for living beings because
upper part of this layer consists ozone which shields
the harmful UV-radiatons and protects the living
beings on the earth.
The temperature of stratosphere increases as it
increases in height.
3.Mesosphere
Mesosphere is the layer of atmosphere which is
located between stratosphere and thermosphere.
It extends between 50km to 80km from the surface of
the earth.
In mesosphere, strong wind blows.
The temperature of this layer decreases when the
height increases.
4.Thermosphere
Thermosphere is a very hot layer of atmosphere which
is located between mesosphere and exosphere.
It extends between 80-720 km from the surface of the
earth.
In this layer, temperature increases with the
increasing height.
This layer has less amount of air.
5. Exosphere
It is the uppermost layer of atmosphere located above
720km from the surface of the earth.
This layer consists of very less air.
It is also called fringe(border) region.