BBCM 1023 Management Information System

The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of

services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others are still
evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use

Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to
it and the role of Internet service providers

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 2

Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web
is a menu-based system that is easy to use for personal and business
applications

Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works

Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools
Identify and briefly describe the applications associated with the Internet and
the Web

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 3

Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming more universally
used and accepted for business use, management, service and speed, privacy,
and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved

Identify who is using the Web to conduct business and discuss some of the pros
and cons of Web shopping
Outline a process for creating Web content
Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 4

Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations
are using them

Identify several issues associated with the use of networks

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 5

Use and Functioning of the
Internet
Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging
information

ARPANET

◦ Ancestor of the Internet

◦ A project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 6

 Use and Functioning of the
Internet (continued)
Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard enabling traffic to be routed
from one network to another as needed

Research for a faster Internet: Internet2 (I2); Next Generation Internet (NGI);
Abilene

Wireless Internet

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 7

How the Internet Works
The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to
another
If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is
directly connected, it can send the message directly
If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending
computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to
another computer that can forward it

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 8

Figure 7.1: Routing Messages
over the Internet

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 9

How the Internet Works
(continued)
Data is passed in chunks called packets

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport layer

protocol that is used in combination with Internet Protocol (IP) by most
Internet applications

Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an assigned address on the Internet

for each computer

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 10

Accessing the Internet
Connect via LAN server

Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol

(PPP)

Connect via an online service

Other ways to connect (e.g., wireless application protocol, or WAP)

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 11

Figure 7.3: Several Ways to
Access the Internet

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 12

Internet Service Providers
Internet service provider (ISP): any company that provides individuals
or organizations with Internet access

Most charge a monthly fee

Many ISPs and online services offer broadband Internet access through
digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 13

The World Wide Web
World Wide Web: AKA the Web, WWW, or W3

A menu-based system that uses the client/server model

Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of

menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer

Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing users
to access topics in whatever order they wish

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 14

The World Wide Web
(continued)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): the standard page description
language for Web pages

HTML tags: inform browsers how to format text on a Web page, and
whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted

Extensible Markup Language (XML): markup language for Web

documents containing structured information, including words,
pictures, and other elements

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 15

Figure 7.4: Sample Hypertext
Markup Language

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 16

Web Browsers
Web browser: software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu
on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web

The menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with hypertext links

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 17

Search Engines
Search engine: a Web search tool

Examples of search engines: Yahoo.com; Google.com

Most search engines are free

Searches can use words such as AND and OR to refine

the search

Meta-search engine: submits keywords to several individual search

engines and returns the results from all search engines queried

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 18

Table 7.5: Popular Search
Engines

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 19

 Web Programming
Languages
Java

◦ Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++

◦ Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 20

 Web Programming
Languages (continued)
Other programming languages used to develop Web sites:

◦ JavaScript

◦ VBScript

◦ ActiveX

◦ Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 21

 Business Uses of the Web
E-mail

Linking buyers and sellers

Tool for marketing, sales, and customer support

Push technology: automatic transmission of information over the Internet

rather than making users search for it with their browsers

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 22

 Developing Web Content
Computer must be linked to a Web server

Need Web browser program

Add links to home page

Advertise

Tools: word processor, HTML editor, HTML template, text editor

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 23

Web Services
Web services: standards and tools that streamline and simplify
communication among Web sites for business and personal purposes

XML is used within a Web page to describe and transfer data between
Web service applications

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 24

Web Services (continued)
Besides XML, other components are used in Web service applications:

◦ SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

◦ WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

◦ UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and Integration)

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 25

 Internet and Web
Applications
E-mail and instant messaging

Instant messaging: a method that allows two or more individuals to

communicate online using the Internet

Internet cell phones and handheld computers

Career information and job searching

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 26

 Internet and Web
Applications (continued)
Telnet and FTP

◦ Telnet: a terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers
on the Internet to gain access to public files

◦ File Transfer Protocol (FTP): a protocol that describes a file transfer process between
a host and a remote computer and allows users to copy files from one computer to
another

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 27

 Internet and Web
Applications (continued)
Web log (blog): a Web site that people can create and use to write about their
observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics
Usenet and newsgroups
◦ Usenet: a system closely allied with the Internet that uses e-mail to provide a
centralized news service; a protocol that describes how groups of messages can be
stored on and sent between computers
◦ Newsgroups: online discussion groups that focus on specific topics

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 28

 Internet and Web
Applications (continued)
Chat room: a facility that enables two or more people to engage in interactive
“conversations” over the Internet
Internet phone and videoconferencing services
Content streaming: a method for transferring multimedia files over the Internet
so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously
without a break, or very few of them; enables users to browse large files in real
time
Shopping on the Web

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 29

Figure 7.7: How Voice Over IP Works

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 30

 Internet and Web
Applications (continued)
Web auctions

Music, radio, and video on the Internet

Office on the Web

Internet sites in three dimensions

Free software and services

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 31

Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and
Web Applications

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 32

Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and
Web Applications (continued)

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 33

Intranets and Extranets
Intranet

◦ Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web
standards and products

◦ Slashes the need for paper

◦ Provides employees with an easy and intuitive approach to access

information that was previously difficult to obtain

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 34

Intranets and Extranets
(continued)
Extranet: a network based on Web technologies that links selected
resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or
other business partners

Virtual private network (VPN): a secure connection between two

points across the Internet

Tunneling: the process by which VPNs transfer information by

encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 35

Table 7.11: Summary of Internet,
Intranet, and Extranet Users

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 36

Figure 7.8: Virtual Private
Network

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 37

 Net Issues
Management issues: preventing attacks

Service and speed issues

◦ Web server computers can be overwhelmed by the amount of “hits” (requests

for pages)

◦ Routers can become bottlenecks

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 38

Figure 7.9: Typical Sources of
Internet Attacks

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 39

 Net Issues (continued)
Privacy
◦ Spyware: hidden files and information trackers that install themselves secretly when
you visit some Internet sites

◦ Cookie: a text file that an Internet company can place on the hard disk of a computer
system

Fraud
◦ Phishing

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 40

 Net Issues (continued)
Security with encryption and firewalls
◦ Cryptography: converting a message into a secret code and changing the encoded
message back to regular text
◦ Digital signature: encryption technique used to verify the identity of a message
sender for processing online financial transactions
◦ Firewall: a device that sits between an internal network and the Internet, limiting
access into and out of a network based on access policies

Unauthorized sites

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 41

Figure 7.10: Cryptography process

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 42

Summary
The Internet is a collection of interconnected networks, all freely
exchanging information
Internet Protocol (IP) is a communication standard that enables traffic
to be routed from one network to another as needed
Internet data is passed in chunks called packets
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used transport layer
protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet
applications

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 43

 Summary (continued)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is an assigned address on the Internet for
each computer
Ways of accessing the Internet include via a LAN server, Serial Line Internet
Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and an online service
The World Wide Web is a menu-based system that organizes Internet
resources into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your
computer
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard page description language
for Web pages

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 44

 Summary (continued)
A Web browser is software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on
a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web
A search engine is a Web search tool
An intranet is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World
Wide Web standards
An extranet is a network based on Web technologies that links selected
resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other
business partners

PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SEVENTH EDITION 45