Environmental

Impact & Long-

Term Sustainability
Sociology of Tourism
Presented to

Dr. John Vincent Manalo

Professor

Presented by

EFRAIM O. ESPINOSA, DDM-ET

Iloilo State College of Fisheries (ISCOF)
Outline of the presentation
• Local and Global Environmental Issues, with especial
emphasis on global issues
• Interaction between environment and built environment
• Sustainability of Built environment
 Environmental Impacts

Local Global
- Land clearance, loss of biodiversity - Global warming
- Noise pollution - Resource usage
- Urban heat islands - Ozone layer depletion
- Local flooding
- Air, water pollution
Environmental impacts - Local
• 80% of agricultural land loss is due to buildings
• Urban flooding due to improper planning of cities
• Disturbances in air circulations creating air quality System
hotspots/urban canyons Disturbances
• Creation of heat islands
• Noise, dust and fumes generation during construction
Environmental impacts - Global
• Global warming
• Resource depletion
• Ozone layer depletion
• Acidification
Environmental impacts - Global
Global warming
Emission in 2010 (IPCC 2014)

• Direct emission from building sector-

6.5%
• Total ~19%
Contribution from Buildings
Contribution from Buildings

40% of world energy goes to building

Life Cycle Thinking
GHG % of total emission from a typical UK building Life cycle
90.0%
82.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
GHG %

40.0%
30.0%
20.0% 15.0%
10.0%
0.5% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5%
0.0%
Design Manufacture Distribution Operation on-site In Use Refurb/Demolision

Amount of CO2emissions which the construction industry has the ability to influence 2008 (Dept of
Business Innovation and Skills 2010)
Interaction between climate change and built
environment
GHG emission from
Energy use and
material production
Built Climate
Environment Change
• Shift in Energy Use
• Passive/natural system go out of range
• HVAC capacity mismatch
• Increased wind load
• Urban Flooding
 Sea Level Rise

“The IPCC says we can expect the oceans to rise between 11 and 38 inches (28 to 98 centimeters) by
2100, enough to swamp many of the cities along the U.S. East Coast. More dire estimates, including a
complete meltdown of the Greenland ice sheet, place sea level rise to 23 ft (7 m), enough to submerge
London.”
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/sea-level-rise/
 ts
Eff
e c
Extreme Weather

•Cyclones,
•Heat waves,
•Droughts,
•Floods,
Climate change impacts
Physical disturbance to the landscape due to
mining

Sibai copper mine ( Russia ) Ref: Francis Cottard

Waste Rock disposal

Ref: Francis Cottard

Acid Mine Drainage

Ref: Francis Cottard

Erosion of waste rocks dumps

Ref: Francis Cottard

Toxic emissions

Ref: Francis Cottard

Contribution to pollution

Pollution (%)
Air quality (cities) 23
Climate change gases 50
Drinking water pollution 40
Landfill waste 50
Ozone depletion 50
 Built Env. Sustainability
Economic
- Most of the time, taken care
of
- Contribution to the economic
development
- Adoptability to technological
advances
- Energy and Material Efficiency
Social
- Should cater human aspiration
& expectations
- Affordability to masses
- Health and Safety
- Indoor environment
Environmental
IEA-2007
- Climate adoptability
- Material and Energy
efficiency
- System and intergraded
approach at design
 Macroscopic Mesoscopic Microscopic
Level Level Level

Innovative Technologies

Smart and sustainable development of built environment

GHG Reduction
Urban Planning
Econ. Targets
Health and Safety Principles
Community Issues
Energy Efficient Design

Social Targets Transport Energy Efficient Design

Human Renewable energy Water Management

Values & Env. Targets

Land Administration
Aspiratio Building Design
ns Material Selection
Political
Targets Public health
Indoor Environment

Life Cycle Operation BMS

Emerging
Targets Green Procurement
Recycling
Deconstruction and reuse
 Planning Process
• Se
a le ing
• Ext vel rise •Plann rt
reme w po
• Flo eather
events •Trans teractions
oding l In
• Inc •Socia mate
reased cli
• Te wind sp
eeds •Micro s
mperat tic
• Eff ure rise •Acous
ect of a age
ir Pollu
tion •Drain
•Waste

Climate Urban
Sustainable Built
Environment • Oc
ls cupant
M ateria y Managem • Bu behavio
A & g ngs r
• LC wable ener Buildi e nt ilding a
esign • Bu ssessm
R ene ld ing d d ilding In ent
•
ffic i ent bui nctional an • En
ergy M
fo Manage
• E s tness (
fu
• Su a n agemen
ment
b u
• Ro ological) t
stai
• Wa nable Procure
t
techn nvironmen ste Man ment
o or e agemen
• Ind lation t
S i m u o n & Reuse
• ucti
D e constr
•
The choice of these materials must focus
on...
• Non toxic materials;
• Materials with low embodied energy;
• Recyclable materials;
• Materials containing wastes from other industries;
• Materials obtained from renewable resources;
• Materials with high durability;
• Materials with self-cleaning ability and capable of reducing air pollution.
• Local materials
Thank you!