SHEAR FORCE

&
BENDING
MOMENT
CONTENT:-
i. Introduction

ii. Types of beams

iii. Types of loads

iv. Sign conventions

v. Point of Contraflexure

vi. Some steps of draw SFD & BMD

vii.One example of SFD & BMD with point of contraflexure

viii.Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
Shear and bending moment diagrams are analytical tools used in
conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural design by
determining the value of shear force and bending moment at a given point
of a structural element such as a beam.

SHEAR FORCE:-
It is the algebraic sum of all the vertical forces
either right or left side of the section.

 Unit of S.F is N or KN

B E N D I N G M O M E N T: -
It is the algebraic sum of all the moments
either right or left side of the section.

 Unit of B.M is N.m or KN.m

 WHY STUDY SFD & BMD?
We study sfd & bmd because these diagrams can
be utilized to analyze the failure of the structure with the
given inputs like loads, structural material and shape.
Hence, SFD & BMD reduce the probability of the
structure’s failure.
 What Are Beams?
A structural member which is long when compared
with its lateral dimensions, subjected to transverse forces so
applied as to induce bending of the member in an axial plane,
is called a beam.

Different types of beam:-

i. Simply Supported Beam
ii. Cantilever Beam
iii. Over Hanging Beam
iv. Fixed Beam
v. Continuous Beam
 Simply Supported Beam
A beam supported freely on the
walls or columns at its both ends is known as
simply supported beam.

Cantilever Beam
A beam fixed at one end and
free at the other end is known as
cantilever beam.
 Over Hanging Beam
A beam is freely supported on two
supports. But its one end or both ends are
projected beyond the support.

Fixed Beam
A beam whose both ends are
rigidly fixed is known as cantilever beam.
 Continuous Beam

A beam supported on more then two

support is known as continuous beam.
 Types Of Loads
POINT LOAD OR CONCENTRATED LOAD:-

When a load is acting on a

relatively small area it is considered as point
load or concentrated load.

W= Point Load

W KN
It is given in N or KN.
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD:-
A Load which is
spread over a beam in such a manner that each
unit length of beam is loaded to the same
intensity is known as uniformly distributed load.

 W= U.D.L
 It is given in N/m or KN/m.
W KN/m
UNIFORMLY VARYING LOAD:-
A load which is spread over a
beam in such a manner that its intensity
varies uniformly on each unit is called
uniformly distributed load.

• When load is zero at one end and increases

uniformly to the other end it is known as
triangular load.
 SIGN
CONVENTION

(+) (-) (+) (-)

SFD BMD
Sign Convention for SFD:-
When upward force is left side of the section & downward force is
right side of the section then the force is positive sign. Otherwise downward force is left
side of the section & upward force is right side of the section then the force is negative
sign.

Sign Convention for BMD:-

When clockwise moment is left side of the section & anti-clockwise
moment is right side of the section then the moment is positive sign. Otherwise anti-
clockwise moment is left side of the section & clockwise moment is right side of the
section then the moment is negative sign.
 Sagging Hogging

 The Shear Force is positive if it tends to rotate the beam section

clockwise with respect to a point inside the beam section.

 The Bending Moment is positive if it tends to bend the beam

section concave(sagging) facing upward and the Bending Moment
is negative if it tends to bend the beam section convex(hogging)
facing downward.
 Point of Contraflexure
 In B.M diagram, the point at which B.M change its sign
from positive to negative or negative to positive is called
point of contraflexure.

 It is a point where the beam tends to bend in opposite

direction. It is the point.

 In simply supported beam, BMD is always positive.

 In cantilever beam, BMD is always negative.
 Where SFD change its sign from positive to negative or
negative to positive there BMD is maximum.
 Some Steps Of Draw SFD & BMD
i. Find support reactions using equilibrium equations.

V=0

H=0

M=0

ii. Find “Shear Force” at different points using sign convention of

SF.

iii. Find “Bending Moment” at different points using sign

convention of BM.

iv. Draw SFD & BMD.

 One Example Of SFD & BMD
1)
5 KN 10 KN

2m 3m 2m

Solve the problem. Draw SFD & BMD.

Solution:-
Calculation of support reaction,

V = 0 gives,

Va + Vb + 5 + 10 = 0
Va + Vb = 15 -------------------(i)

M = 0 at A gives,
 -(5x2)+(10x3)-( Vbx5) = 0 5 KN 10 KN

-10+30-5 Vb = 0 d a c b
11 KN 4 KN
Vb = 4
So, from (i) we get, 2m 3m 2m
6 6
Va = 15- Vb
(+)
Va = 15 - 4
Va = 11 SF=0
(-) (-)
Calculation of shear force,
SFd (J.L) = 0 5 SFD 4 4
5
SFd (J.R) = -5 KN (+) (-)
SFa (J.L) = -5 KN X = 1.66
8
SFa (J.R) = -5+11= 6KN
(+)
SFc (J.L) = 6 KN
BM=0
SFc (J.R) = 6-10= -4KN (-)
SFb (J.L) = -4 KN (Point of
10 BMD
SFb (J.R) = 0 contraflexure)
Calculation of Bending Moment,

BM = 0
d
BM a = -(5x2) = -10 Kn-m

BM c = -(5x5) + (11x3) = 8 Kn-m

(+) (-)
BM b = 0
Point of Contraflexure,
For similar triangle,
10 8
=
x (3-x)
30 – 10x = 8x
18x = 30

30
X=
18
= 1.66 m
 CONCLUSION
SFD & BMD are diagnosis results. It shows the
sickness of the beam to look for the right medicine to give to
the beam. For example, concrete beams under bending moment
need reinforcement as medicine.

We were able to determine how shear force

varies at the cut position of the beam for various loading
conditions. It can be concluded that when the load we placed at
the beam is increasing, the Shear Force will also increase. As
well as it was proved that Shear Force at the cut section is
equal to the forces acting both right and left side of the cut
section on the beam.

So, it is conclude that Shear Force & Bending

Moment is most important thing for Civil Engineering.
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Ward No 16, College Road, Naiya Para, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal
743331.

Presented By:-

Sayan
Chowdhur
Thank You