Design a canal drop (Notch fall type) of with the following data.

Hydraulic particulars of the canal:

Above drop

Discharge = 4 cumecs

Top width of bank = 2 m

Bed width = 6.0 m

Bed level = +10.00

Half supply depth = 1 m

FSD = 1.50 m

FSL = +11.50 m

TBL = +12.50 m

Below the drop

Discharge = 4 cumecs

Top width of base = 2 m

Bed width =6m

Bed level = +8.00

Good soil for foundation is over available at+8.50

FSD = 1.50

FSL = +9.50

TBL = +10.50

DESIGN OF TRAPIZOIDAL NOTCH:

1. DATA:

Canal discharge = 4 cumecs

Upstream side FSL = +11.50

Downstream side FSL = 9.50

Upstream side BL = 10.00

This shows that the near FSL of the canal is 0.50 m below the upstream side bed level or the soil of the
trapezoidal notch.

So the notch discharges a free fall.

Assume 2 notches.

So the discharge through each notch = 4 ÷ 2

= 2 cumecs

Upstream side FSD =1.50 m

Half supply depth = 1m

The discharge through a trapezoidal notch is given by

Q = 2.99 x C d2/3 (L + 0.4 n d)

Where Q = discharge in cumecs

C = coefficient of discharge: 0.70

L = length of the notch at sill

N = 2 tan θ

Where θ is the angle of inclination of the side of the notch to the vertical

D = depth of water in meters

By simplifying this

Q = 2.98 c d3/2 (L + 0.4 n d)

For full supply condition d = 1.5

2 = 2.99 x 0.70 x 1.53/2 (L + (0.4 x1.5 x n))

L + 0.6 n = 2 ÷ (2.99 x 0.70 x 1.53/2) = 0.52

 Equation 1

For half supply condition

Q = 1 cumecs c = 0.70 d= 1 m

∴ 1 = 2.99 x 0.70 x 13/2 (L + 0.4 x 1 x n)

 L x 0.4 n = 1 ÷ (2.99 x 0.70) = 0.48

 Equation 2

Equating the equations 1 & 2

∴ n = 0.12 ÷ 0.20 = 0.20

Substituting this in equation 1

L + 0.60 x 0.20 = 0.52

L = 0.52 – 0.12 = 0.40 m

n = 2 tan θ

tan θ = 0.2 ÷ 2 = 0.10 ∴ θ = 5˚ 45’

So the dimensions of the trapezoidal notch at +10.00 one

L = 40 cm θ = 5˚ 45’ d= 1.50 m

Top width of notch at FSL = L + 2 x tan θ

a) Length of drop wall between the abutments:

The thickness of the drop wall is generally about 7/8 of bed width of the upstream channel and is never
more than the bed width of the downstream channel.

Hence adopt 7/8Th of upstream channel BW

= (6.00 x 7) ÷ 8

= 5.25m.

b) Profile of drop wall:

The thickness of the drop wall at sill is generally 15 t 30 cms wider than the length of notch pier which is
½ d.

Where d = depth of water flowing over the sill of the notch.

= (½) d +0.15 = (1.5 ÷ 2) + 0.15

= 0.75 + 0.15 = 0.90

Say 1.0 m

• c) Height of drop wall:

• The height of drop wall depends on the depth of water cushion.

• If the water cushion is ‘X’ m below the downstream channel bed level
The effective depth of water cushion = d1 + X

For water cushion the following equation is used

(X + d1) = 0.90 dc √ (h)

Where dc = depth of water in u/s channel

h = depth of drop.

Here d1 = 1.50 m dc = 1.50 m h = 2.0 m

Substituting in above equation

X + 1.50 = 0.90 x 1.50 x √ 2

∴ X = 1.90 – 1.50 = 0.40 m

Hence the water cushion may be kept at 40 cms below

the downstream side bed level of the channel.

Rear BL of the channel is +8.00

Hence the top level of solid apron is +7.60

Top level or sill level of drop wall is +10.00

∴ Height of drop wall = +10.00 – 7.60 = 2.40 mts

• Generally the base width of the drop wall may be about that of the elementary triangle

= (H + d) ÷ √ p

• Where

H = height of drop

D = depth of water

P is 2.25 for masonry

∴ width of drop wall at base = (2.40+1.5) ÷ √ 2.25

= 3.90 ÷ 1.50 = 2.60 m.

d) The length of cushion:

The length of the solid apron from the toe of the

Drop wall = 2 d + 2 √ (d1 h).

Subjected to a minimum of d + 2√(d1 h).

= 1.50 + 2 √ (1.50 x 2)

= 1.50 + 3.46 = 4.96 m.

Provide 5 m.

The thickness of the apron depends on the nature of the soil and must be sufficient to resist the uplift.

The uplift is may at the toe of the body wall. The difference in water levels between upstream and
downstream is 2 m.

When the canal is full

Assume hydraulic gradient 1 in 4 & thickness of concrete 1m.

Head lose in creep length

= (2.40 + 0.30 + 1.0 + 2.60) ÷ 4

= 1.58 m

Residual head = 2.0 – 1.58 = 0.42 m

So the thickness of concrete to be provided

= Residual head ÷ (P - 1)

= 0.42 ÷ (2.25 -1)

= 0.336 m

But a minimum thickness ½ √ (d1 + h) is usually provided to withstand the impact of the falling water.

t = ½ x √ (1.5 + 2.0) = 0.94 mts

however provide 1 m thickness of concrete.

The length of the solid apron = 5 m

The residual uplift head at the end of the solid apron is equal to

= 2.00 – ((2.40 + 1.0 + 0.30 + 2.60 + 5) ÷ 4)

= 2.00 – 2.83

= – 0.83

This is negative.

All uplift pressure is destroyed and there is no residual uplift.

e) Notches & Notch Pier:

The sills of notches should be at the bad level of

the upstream side channel.

The two notches are arranged in the notch pier

over the body wall.

The top of notch pier is kept at FSL +11.50.

The width of the notch pier is usually equal to ½ FSD.

Here 1.5 ÷ 2 = 0.75 m

This arrangement is to avoid eddies round the body wall

f) Protective works:

ABUTMENTS, WINGS, RETURNS

BC is the abutments.

The length of the abutment may be kept the same as the width of the drop wall at bottom i.e. 2.60 mts.

Top width =0.50

Top level at TBL = +12.50

Front batter 1 in 8.

The abutment will rest on the foundation concrete 1.0 m thickness just as body wall.

• Height of the abutment = 12.5 – 7.60 = 4.90 m

• The base width = 0.4 h = 0.4 x 4.90 = 1.96 mts. Say 2 mts.

AB is the upstream side wing wall:

Upstream wing wall is also at TBL i.e. +12.50 and top width 0.50 m.

The splay is 1 in 1.
The foundation is need not so deep as abutment.

As good foundation soil is available at +8.50.

The top of the formation may be kept at +8.50.

The thickness of the concrete may be 0.60 m

Height of upstream wing wall = 12.050 – 8.50

=4m

Bottom width = 0.4 h = 0.4 x 4 = 1.60 m

Front batter 1 in 8

Section of upstream wing wall AB:

Downstream sloping wing CD

The top level of wing at c is +12.50

 Top width = 0.50 mts

Front batter 1 in 8.

The thickness of the foundation may be restricted to 0.60 m. as the wall is sloping towards return of
height about 3 mts.

The top of the foundation +7.60 mts.

Bottom of the foundation +7.00.

The top level of the wing at D is +10.50

( D/S TBL)

Top width 0.50

Front batter 1 in 8.

Height of the wall = 10.50 – 7.60 = 2.90 mts.

Downstream side return

Height of the return = 10.50 – 7.60 = 2.90 mts.

Bottom width = 0.40 h = 0.40 x 2.90

= 1.16 mts (Say 1.20 mts)

Splay of sloping wing

At level +8.00 i.e. bed level of channel below drop the distance between the sections is 6.0 mts. i.e. bed
width of the channel below drop. This fixes the splay of the wing. The level return is made sufficiently
long so that it projects well in to the top of the same downstream of the drop.

LENGTH OF REVETMENTS & BED PITCHING

a) Measured from the force of the drop wall the length of revetment upstream side is generally 3d or 3
mts. (d = FSD)

b) Measurement from the edge of the solid apron the length of the downstream side revetment is kept
at 4 times (FSD + height of drop) as a minimum of 6 mts.

c) The length of bed pitching is kept at ½ length of corresponding revetment. The difference in levels
between the solid apron +7.60 and the downstream side canal bed (+8.00) is made up by a gentle
reverse slope 1 in 5.

A beam of 1m both at upstream & downstream may be provided. Canal cutting 1:1 embankment

1½ :1 .