Exploring Packaging Options – Mangoes

Subject : ITLD
Submitted by: Group No. 4
1 ABHIJIT CHATTOPADHYAY Vashi Mumbai

3 ADITYA CHAUHAN Vashi Mumbai

12 ANAND SINGH Vashi Mumbai

Hadapsar/Karve
34 LAXMIKANT TRIPATHY Road Pune

30 JEETENDRA MANIK Vashi Mumbai

36 MANISH TIWARI Vashi Mumbai

77 SUBRATA MAHAPATRA Vashi Mumbai

82 SURJYASNATA SAHOO Vashi Mumbai

83 SUSHANT SHEDGE Vashi Mumbai

 MANGO Background Information

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the most important fruit of India. 

It is grown over an area of 1.23 million hectares in the country producing 10.99 million tonnes. It accounts
for 22.1 per cent of total area (5.57 million ha) and 22.9 per cent of total production of fruits (47.94 million
tonnes) in the country.

Though Uttar Pradesh has the largest area of 0.27 million hectares under mango, Andhra Pradesh has the
highest productivity of 12 tonnes per hectare. While Andhra Pradesh produces 3.07 million tonnes of mango,
U.P., Bihar and Karnataka produce 2.39, 1.79 and 0.92 million tonnes, respectively. India ranks first among
world’s mango producing countries accounting for 52.63 per cent of the total world’s mango production of
19 million tonnes.
 Key Points of Discussion

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Packaging Types

 To make outer conditions most unfavorable for any detrimental factor to affect
the Mango
 To make the inner conditions most favorable for sustained prolonged life of
Mango during shipment
 Legal requirements for shipment of Mango to foreign countries (USA)
 Discussion Point 1 –
Impact of storage requirement on packaging

Objectives:

Evaluate the performance (protective, storage, loading, palletizing,

transportation, sales, promotional, and service functions) of the different types
of shipping containers (boxes) used by exporters, importers, wholesalers and
retailers for shipping and handling mangos

Design and develop a new package and compare with existing mango
packaging methods.

Evaluate the feasibility and economic impact of developing a common and

standardized package system for fresh mangos (common foot-print and
height) and compatible with the requirements of the Grocery Manufacturers

Association and Produce Marketing Association palletized requirements for

fresh produce.

Insure new packaging system meets challenges for new retail requirements for
sustainability and environmental concerns
Common Problems by Sea & Air
Discussion Point 2a- Impact of shelf life on Transportation
Discussion Point 2a- Impact of shelf life on Transportation (Contd)
Discussion Point 2a- Impact of shelf life on Transportation
Discussion 2b- Labeling Requirement of International
Transportation
Discussion Point 3 – Cargo handling Requirement
Risk Factors & Loss Prevention
RF Temperature- 12*C to 18*C
RF Humidity/ Moisture: RH-85 to 90% &
Water content 75 to 85%
RF Ventilation:60-80 circulations/hour
RF Biotic activity: control of respiration
RF Gases: Prone to CO2 & Ethylene
RF Odor: High acceptance to pungency
RF Contamination: High acceptance to
contamination
RF Mechanical Influences: Handle with care
RF Toxicity: Adequate ventilation
Discussion Point 4 – Risk Factors and its Process of Mitigation
Discussion Point 4 – Risk Factors and its Process of Mitigation
 Process of Mitigation
Injectionof Ethylene: 200 ppm twice at 18-
20*C & 85-90%RH
Controlled Temperatures (CT)-
Temperature b/w 15-21*C
Controlled Atmosphere (CA)3-5%O2 & 5-
8% CO2
Use of ^^CaC2

^^ Industrial CaC2 is illegal as per Food

Industry standards
Discussion Point 5 – a) Packaging and Transportation of Mangoes
in India
 Packaging : Wooden boxes are commonly used for packaging and transportation of mango fruits. Under
dynamic transport conditions nails come out due to vibration and puncture the fruits which result in bruising,
decay and low price of fruits. Further, too much ventilation affects the quality of fruits due to shrinkage, loss
in weight, color, etc.

 To overcome these problems, the Institute has designed and developed CFB Boxes of 5 kg and 10 kg capacity
for packing and shipping of mango fruits successfully as an alternative to traditional nailed wooden boxes.

 The use of CFB boxes for packaging for the domestic market is also the need of the hour due to scarcity of the
wood and environmental concerns of the country. For export purposes, CFB boxes are already in extensive
use.

Paper scraps, newspapers, etc., are commonly used as cushioning material for the packaging of fruits which
prevent them from getting bruised and spoiled during storage and transportation. Polythene (LDPE) lining has
also been found beneficial as it maintains humidity which results in lesser shrinkage during storage. Wrapping
of fruits individually (Unipack) with newspaper or tissue paper and packing in honey comb structure helps in
getting optimum ripening with reduced spoilage.

Normally lid of the wooden boxes is nailed with an area of 5 to 7 cm high in the middle. This puts pressure on
the fruits during transport and results into reduced quality. Therefore, the farmers should be very careful while
packing the fruits.

 Transportation in India : The truck has been adopted as the most convenient mode of transport due to its easy
approach from the orchards to the market. However, these trucks were not found suitable for transporting this
live material as they exert lot of pressure on the fruits and do not bosses temperature control devices.

 Therefore, it is imperative to design and develop suitable transport system. Reefer containers (Refrigerated
vans) may be found useful for long distance transport and export purposes as they would help in reducing the
post harvest losses
Discussion Point 5 – b) Suggestions for improvement
Discussion Point 5 – b) Suggestions for improvement

Use
Mexico
Product
Handling
in India
Discussion Point 5c- Packaging Options for Mangoes
 Discussion point 6 – Exporting Mango to USA
• Exporting Mangoes to USA strictly follows the guidelines set by the Agricultural &
Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA).
•
• Only Good-looking and healthy mangoes with sufficient stalk length are harvested at the
mango grooves.

• All the mangoes are carefully inspected before packing. All damaged, diseased, over-ripen or
rotten fruit is physically segregated and not approved for export.
• The mangoes selected for export are then washed and cleaned with a mild detergent and
given post-harvest hot water fungicidal dipping at 52 C for 3-4 minutes.

• Each individual fruit of mango is enclosed in a clean, white, soft, expandable and netted type
polystyrene sleeve to prevent bruising before packing in an insect-proof box.

The labeled boxes are carried to the Irradiation facility. Each consignment of mangoes is
inspected jointly by Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of
Agriculture (USDA-APHIS) and National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of India.
Discussion point 6 – Exporting Mango to USA

Few selected cartons and fruits are thoroughly inspected for quarantine pests such as
fruit flies. Few numbers of fruits are cut and examined for internal feeders such as
weevils.
The mangoes are then treated in India with irradiation as a condition of entry into
USA.

Currently only one plant KRUSHAK (“Krushi Utpadan Sanrakshan Kendra” meaning
Agro Produce Preservation Center) is being used for irradiation processing of mango
for export to the U.S.

As per the specifications for export to USA, the Alphonso mango should weigh
between 250 and 300 grams. However, APEDA does not approve the gross weight of
box to exceed 3.5 kg (7.7 lbs). This puts a limit on the size of the mangoes in the box
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