RTC

Sharjah, 2002 1
 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
Cooling Systems

Primary purpose of a cooling system

 An engine’s cooling system is responsible for maintaining
adequate engine temperatures.
Basic operating principle of a cooling system
 The cooling system circulates coolant through the engine
to remove the heat created by combustion & friction. It
uses the principle of heat transfer.

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 2
 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
Cooling Systems

Heat transfer
 Heat always moves from a hot “source”to a cooler “target”. Source &
target could be metal, fluid or air. The key is the difference in relative
temperature between the two.The greater the difference,the more heat
will transfer.

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 3
 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
systems components

Cooling systems:
- radiator
- keel cooler
- shunt cooling
- heat exchanger cooling

Basic components:
- radiator
- fan
- coolant
- water pump
- engine oil cooler
- water temperature regulator
- pressure cap

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Sharjah, 2002 4
 Cooling System Components

 Radiator
 Fan
 Coolant
 Water Pump
 Engine Oil Cooler
 Water Temperature Regulator

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 5
 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
Coolant flow

Water pump
oil cooler
cylinder block
cylinder head
(regulator)
radiator
water pump.

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 6
 Engine Power Dissipation

30% Exhaust HP

7%
Radiated HP

30%
Cooling HP
33%
Flywheel HP
RTC
Sharjah, 2002 7
 Cat Engine Cooling System

Radiator Cooling System Keel Cooling System

RTC Truck Shunt Line Cooling System

Heat Exchanger Cooling System
Sharjah, 2002 8
 Cooling System Functions

 Remove Heat Generated from Fuel Combustion


Burn Temperatures Can Reach 3,500°F (1927°C)
 Transfer Heat From:

Transmission Oil Coolers

Hydraulic Oil Coolers
 Water Cooled Exhaust Manifolds

Water Cooled Turbocharger Shields/Housings

Torque Converter/Retarder Coolers
 Jacket Water After Coolers

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 9
 Cooling System Temperature

 Cooling systems are designed to keep an engine operating within a

desired temperature range.
 Temperature of the coolant must remain high to allow the engine to
operate efficiently.however, temperature must stay low enough to
prevent the coolant from boiling.
 A cooling system regulates temperature by transferring heat from the
engine to the coolant &eventually, into the air.
 A major factor of heat transfer is the difference between the
temperature of coolant inside the radiator & the temperature of
surrounding air.
 When the difference coolant temperature & the ambient temperature
increases, the rate of heat transfer increases.

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 10
 Cooling system temperature

 The temperature at which coolant boils depends on the three factors.


Pressure at which cooling system operates.

Altitude at which cooling system operates

Amount & type of antifreeze in coolant mixture.

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Sharjah, 2002 11
 Coolant

 Function
 Transfer Heat from Hot Engine Components to a Radiator or Heat
Exchanger
 Characteristics
 High Boiling Temperature
 Freeze Protection
 Corrosion Resistance
 Scale and Deposit Prevention
 Non Foaming
 Minimum Sediment

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Sharjah, 2002 12
 Heat Transfer

 Water Is the Most Efficient Heat Transfer Agent


Drawbacks:
• Contains Chlorides, Sulfates, and Suspended Solids
• Causes Scales, Deposits
• Leads to Clogged Radiators and Failed Water Pumps

• Builds Sediment

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Sharjah, 2002 13
 Heat Transfer

 Water Is the Most Efficient Heat Transfer Agent


Drawbacks:
• Improper pH Level
• Attacks Copper, Aluminum and Steel Engine Components
• Causes Corrosion
• Damages Seals
• Lower Boiling Point
• Lower Performance

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Sharjah, 2002 14
 Water Quality

 Must Conform to Established Levels of:


Chloride 2.4 gr/gal max

Sulfates 5.9 gr/gal max

Total Hardness 10 gr/gal max
 Total Solids 20 gr/gal max

pH Level 5.5 - 9.0
 Caterpillar Recommends Distilled or De-ionized Water
 Never Use Water Alone as a Coolant

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 15
 Cat Diesel Engine

 60% of Premature Engine Failures Can Be Attributed to

Cooling System Problems
 Overheating,overcooling,pitting,cavitation,
erosion,cracked heads, piston seizures,& plugged radiators
are classic cooling system failures.

RTC
Sharjah, 2002 16