Safety and First Aid

Accident
 An unexpected event that results in
damage or harm
 Accidental Injuries
 Injuries caused by unexpected events
 Accident Chain
 A sequence of events that often leads to
an accidental injury
 Elements of an Accident
 For an accident to occur, three elements
must be present
 The Situation
 The Unsafe Habit
 The Unsafe Act
 First Aid
 The care given to an injured or ill person
until regular medical care can be supplied.
 The Three C’s
1. CHECK the Scene and Victim

 Make sure the area is safe for you and the

victim
 Move the victim only if they are in danger
 The Three C’s
2. CALL for Help

 Call local EMS (Emergency Medical

Service)
 The Three C’s
 3. CARE for the person until help arrives

 Use first aid techniques to treat the victim until help

arrives.
Life-Threatening Emergencies
1. The person has stopped breathing
2. The person has no heartbeat
3. The person is bleeding severely
4. The person is choking
5. The person has swallowed poison
6. The person has been severely burned
 First Aid for Severe Bleeding
 Wear gloves if possible and wash your
hands after
 Sit or lay the victim down
 Elevate the wound above the heart
 Apply direct pressure with a clean cloth
 Wrap the wound
 Apply pressure to the artery
 Get them professional treatment
 First Aid for Choking
 Know universal sign for choking
 Ask “are you choking”
 First Aid for Choking
 Use abdominal thrusts- upward pulls into
the diaphragm to force out the object
blocking the airway.
 First Aid for Choking
 For an infant you will give them 5 back
blows and five chest compressions. Using
fingertips on breastbone
 If they become unconscious call EMS
 First Aid for Poisoning
 Call EMS
 First Aid for Burns
Kinds of Burns
First Degree
 Burn in which only the
outer part of the skin is
burned and turns red
 Treatment-Cool the
burned area with cold
water (15 min.) and cover
with a clean dry dressing.
 First Aid for Burns
Second Degree
 A serious burn in which
the damaged area
blisters or peels.

 Treatment-Cool the
burned area with cold
water (15 min.) and
elevate. Wrap loosely
with clean dry dressing.
DO NOT POP
BLISTERS!
 First Aid for Burns
Third Degree
 A very serious burn in
which deep layers of
skin and nerve
endings are
damaged.
 Treatment-Cool the
burned area with cold
water as best as you
can. Call EMS
immediately.
 First Aid for Breaks
 Fracture- Break in a bone
 Ask questions- did you hear a snap or
does it hurt when touched.
 If you suspect a break call EMS do not
attempt to move them.
 First Aid for Sprains
 Sprain- when a joint is stretched or twisted
causing damage to the tendons and
ligaments
 Use the R.I.C.E. method
 Rest. Ice. Compression. Elevation.
 Rescue Breathing
 A substitute for normal breathing in which
someone forces air into the victim’s lungs.
 1. Listen close to the victim’s nose and mouth
 2. Tilt the head back to open the airway
 Rescue Breathing
 3. Pinch the nose shut and give two slow
breaths. The chest should rise with each
breath
 4. If the victim begins to breath normally stop