WIRELESS GAS

DETECTING ROBOT
Under the Guidance of :
Bhuvaneswari
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE
SIR MVIT

Presented By:
Gowri Pooja[1MV18EC124]
Khushi N Raj[1MV18EC043]
Lekha K[1MV18EC047]
 PREFACE
• The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident on the
night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Ltd (UCIL) pesticide plant
in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered among the world's worst industrial
disasters. Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate(MIC) gas. The highly toxic
substance made its way into and around the small towns located near the plant. Over thousands of
people died.
• The Visakhapatnam gas leak, also referred to as the Vizag gas leak, was an industrial accident that
occurred at the LG Polymers chemical plant in the R. R. Venkatapuram village of
the Gopalapatnam neighbourhood, located at the outskirts of Visakhapatnam, Andhra
Pradesh, India, during the early morning of 7 May 2020. A toxic styrene gas leaked from the two LG
polymers tank. Over 11 people died and hundreds of them fell sick.
• Hence by keeping this in mind we have developed a project using robot to detect hazardous gases
in order to save people lives from these tragedies.
 INTRODUCTION
• In view of this, The robot plays an important role in order to detect the poisonous gas. the robot
reaches the ON SITE, it detects and sends the environmental conditions such as temperature, presence
of poisonous and dangerous gases.
• The robot has sensors for detecting Gas leakage and even temperature. MQ5,MQ6,MQ7 Gas sensor
detects the presence of bio hazardous gases like LPG, iso-butane, propane, Carbon monoxide, LNG and
alcohol etc.
• A robot equipped with different sensors for detecting various gases and if value of gases crosses set
limit then system provide safety to workers who are working in coal mine and biogas plants.
• Different programs and interfacing modules are included for precise measurements of gases in order to
build an environmental air pollution monitoring system which is capable of developing a clear air
pollution monitoring.
• Usage of sensors produces low cost, low maintenance, quick response and also the ability to produce
continuous measurements of precise data.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

Various projects have served the purpose to some extent. Here are few:
• Nihal Kularathna et.al.presented a paper ―”An environmental air pollution monitoring based on the IEEE 1451
standard for low cost requirements”. According to this paper, it deals with developing of a system which helps
to detect various gases based on the sensors used. It deals with the implementation of the various sensor
arrays in the STIM (Smart Transducer Interface Module)and in the form of array types.
• S.Albert presented a paper ―The benefits of data centre temperature monitoring ―According to this paper, it
deals with the developing of temperature monitoring and sensing device with some benefits. The temperature
is monitored by using real time data logger application.
• A. Qandour, D. Habibi, and I. Ahmad, ―Wireless sensor networks for fire emergency and gas detection―
Sensors are connected via bluetooth.
 OBJECTIVES
• Sensors allow a robot to overcome these obstacles and collect information
from the surrounding environment, in order to interact with it. Humanoid
robots need a multitude of these sensors in order to mimic the capabilities of
their living counterparts.
• Gas detection and monitoring systems are used as safety devices to alert
workers of the potential danger of poisoning by toxic gas exposure,
asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen or explosion caused by combustible gases.
• This project help to avoid disasters due to the leak of chemicals and gas in a
plants or factories.
• Helps to create safety environment for workers in plants, mining areas.
Components required
• Arduino Mega
• SIM 900 GSM module
• MQ5 sensor
• MQ7 sensor
• LM35 Temperature sensor
• 16X2 LCD display
• 89S51 microcontroller
• Bluetooth module
 Arduino mega

The Arduino Mega microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560

The Arduino Mega can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or
battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the
board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers
of the POWER connector.

 Memory
 The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used for the
bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM

The ATmega2560 provides four hardware UARTs for TTL (5V) serial
communication
A Software Serial library allows for serial communication on any of the
Mega2560's digital pins.
The ATmega2560 also supports TWI and SPI communication.
 SIM 900 GSM
MODULE

• The SIM900 is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT

module which can be embedded in the customer applications. Featuring an
industry-standard interface, the SIM900 delivers GSM/GPRS
850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a
small form factor and with low power consumption.
• This module supports software power on and reset.

• Application
• The module is the best application to design a graphic for Voice call and
SMS application.
• Some IoT applications, mostly in an emergency have the module.
• The location trancing system also uses SIM900A.
• SIM900A can use for mobile communication.
 SIM900A GSM Module Main Features

Power Input 3.4V to 4.5V

Operating Frequency EGSM900 and DCS1800

Transmitting Power Range 2V for EGSM900 and 1W for DCS1800

Data Transfer Link Download: 85.6kbps, Upload:42.8kbps

SMS MT, MO, CB, Text and PDU mode.

Antenna Support Available
Audio Input/output Available
Serial Port I2C and UART
Serial Debug Port Available
 MQ5 GAS SENSOR

The Grove - Gas Sensor(MQ5) module is useful for gas

leakage detection (in home and industry). It is suitable for
detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol. Due to its high
sensitivity and fast response time, measurements can be
taken as soon as possible.

HOW DOES MQ5 SENSOR WORKS?

The working principle behind the MQ-5 gas sensor is as follows: The
sensor has a sensitive filament made of SnO2. ... When a
combustible gas such as LPG is introduced, the filament's conductivity
rises, and the amount of change in it's conductance/resistance can be
used to indicate the equivalent gas concentration.
 MQ7 GAS SENSOR

The MQ7 is a simple-to-use Carbon Monoxide

(CO) sensor suitable for sensing CO
concentrations in the air. It can detect CO-gas
concentrations anywhere from 20 to 2000ppm.
The sensor's output is an analog resistance.

How does the mq7 gas sensor works?

Sensitive material of MQ-7 gas sensor is SnO2, which with
lower conductivity in clean air. It make detection by
method of cycle high and low temperature, and detect
CO when low temperature (heated by 1.5V). ... When high
temperature (heated by 5.0V), it cleans the other gases
adsorbed under low temperature.
 LM35 TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose
output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. ...
The LM35's low output imped- ance, linear output, and precise inherent
calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.
LM35 can measure from -55 degrees centigrade to 150-degree centigrade. The accuracy
level is very high if operated at optimal temperature and humidity levels.
​The input voltage to LM35 can be from +4 volts to 30 volts. It consumes about 60
microamperes of current

 How does lm35 temperature sensor

works?
LM35 sensor uses the basic principle of a diode ,where as the temperature
increases, the voltage across a diode increases at a known rate.By precisely
amplifying the voltage change, it is easy to generate an analog signal that is
directly proportional to temperature.
 89S51 MICROCONTROLLER

• The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes

of in-system programmable Flash memory.
• The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a
conventional nonvolatile memory programmer
• the Atmel AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and
cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
• The AT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of
RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five
vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock
circuitry.
• In addition, the AT89S51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero
frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes.
• The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and
interrupt system to continue functioning.
• The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all
other chip functions until the next external interrupt or hardware reset.
 BLUETOOTH MODULE

• The Bluetooth technology manages the

communication channel of the wireless part. The
Bluetooth modules can transmit and receives the
data wirelessly by using two devices. The Bluetooth
module can receive and transmits the data from a
host system with the help of the host controller
interface

• The Various Bluetooth modules used in the biomedical

applications are HC-05, HC-06, RS 232: TTL, BLE link
Bee, BLE mini, Blue SMiRF , Bluetooth mate, JY-MCU,
ITEAD BT, etc. Among all the Bluetooth modules the HC-
05 is commonly used modules. It is used as Bluetooth
Serial port prototype module.
 Software Requirements:
• Arduino is an open source, computer hardware and software company, project, and user
community that designs and manufactures Single board microcontrollers and microcontroller
kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in
the physical world.
• The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are
licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License or the GNU General Public License
permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone.
• The robot is built rigid enough for a prototype it is reinforced with carbon fibre sticker.All the
circuits fit in and are screwed properly to the body. To reduce the complexity most of the
components are prototyped on the bread board. The power supply is an array of
rechargeable 9v batteries.
Interfacing of GSM and Sensor
with Arduino
 Interfacing of GSM and Sensor
with Arduino
• The above figure shows the block diagram implementation of Interfacing of Sensor and GSM with Arduino.
• The sensors used are temperature sensor, gas sensor and the proximity sensor.
• These sensors will sense their respective parameters in the coal mine hazardous conditions the system is
also provided with an emergency key to detect the injured worker.
• The worker just need to press this key and the crew on the base station will get to know about the injured
worker.
• If any of the hazardous condition is detected like fire, gas leakage or temperature rise in the coal mine then
the buzzer will start buzzing so that authorities will get to know about the present atmospheric condition
with the coal mine and precautionary measures can be take place well on time.
• The robot is wirelessly controlled using a wireless Zigbee RF transmission. All the measured parameters
from the sensors will be transmitted to the base station using a Zigbee wireless transmission.
• The ROBOT is also tracked and the track map will be shown on pc.
 Block Diagram of Robot
• The figure 2 shows the block
diagram of Robot.
• The Robot is installed with 8051
Microcontroller and Bluetooth in
order to communicate with the
Server to detect the Hazardous
gas in the underground.
Working Principle:
 Working Principle:
• In the proposed system, the system circuit can be implemented with the help of a block diagram which
includes the sensors, modules of Bluetooth, camera, buzzer unit and the power supply.
• The working energy of the robot is obtained from the battery which is attached to the PIC microcontroller.
• A wireless camera, which helps in the live streaming of the nearby incidents, is included along with the
other sensors. Buzzer unit act as an indicator, that is, it helps in identifying whether any obstacle is present
in its way or not. If an obstacle is present, it gives an alert message to its operator.
• The PIR (Passive InfraRed) sensor is used mainly for detecting the obstacles. The motor helps in moving the
robot which implemented with the help of driver IC.
• The aim of the robot is monitoring and detecting the variations in temperature, gas and obstacles in coal
mine environments. Not only detecting, tracing on to a screen can be easily done by wireless camera
attached on the robot.
• The visualization of all details is done by using the wireless LCD connected to the robot, so that all details
of the environment can trace easily.
 Applications

• Detection of Hazardous Gas

• Mining
• Military
• Space Exploration
• Industry (eg: Chemical Industries)
 Future Enhancements
• In the Future, we can exercise higher transmission range technologies so
that the rover can travel a greater distance and be utilized in different
environments based on the transmission range.
• Development can also be made in the number of sensors incorporated in
the Rover. Industrial grade sensors with better sensitivity and ambient
parameters measurements can be used in place of the
laboratories/commercial grade ones used in the prototype.
• Due to the limited usage period of the rover, there is a need to use more
energy efficient battery technologies to operate the rover for prolonged
periods of time. .It can be equipped with a more powerful battery or power
supply that has optimum energy efficiency.
 Conclusion
• The Project is aimed at providing human safety for the workers in
hazardous environments such as coal mines and industrial units.
• The rover is able to measure distributed environmental
parameters, detect abnormal ambient situations and improve
occupants comfort and safety.
• Hence, through this project, we have implemented the existing
technologies of Bluetooth, microcontrollers and android operating
systems in an innovative manner to develop a Bluetooth controlled
rover that functions effectively as both a monitoring and
surveillance device.
Thank You