Numerical Computation of Correlation

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 Degree of Correlation

 Degree of relatedness of variables.

 Strength and direction of relationship between variable.

Strong Moderate Weak Weak Moderate Strong

-1 -0.75 -0.25 0 0.25 0.75 1

NEGATIVE POSITIVE
Perfect Perfect
correlation No relation correlation

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 Methods of Correlation

– Scatter Diagram

– Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation

– Spearman’s Rank Correlation

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 Scatter Diagram
The scatter diagram
method is a graphical
method of determining
relationship between two
variables.
A scatter diagram (or a
graph) can be obtained on
a graph paper by plotting
observed (or known) pairs
of values of variables x and
y.
Scatter diagram: A graph
of pairs of values of
variables to indicate a
visual display of the
relationship between
variables.
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 Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r)

The strength of association between two quantitative variables X

and Y can be represented as:

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 Example
A sample of six students were selected from a class, data related to their
reading hours per day and marks obtained in a test are as follows:

Reading hrs per day Marks obtained

7 12
6 8
8 12
5 10
6 11
9 13
Determine Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of correlation between Reading hrs
per day and marks obtained.

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• The two variables Reading hrs per day (X) and Marks obtained
(Y) are quantitative in nature.

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Reading hrs per Marks obtained
day (X) (Y) Y2 X2 XY

7 12 144 49 84
6 8 64 36 48
8 12 144 64 96
5 10 100 25 50
6 11 121 36 66
9 13 169 81 117
=x∑ =y∑ =X2∑ =XY∑
41 66 Y2= 742∑ 291 461

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r = +0.759, Strong positive association between reading per hours
and marks obtained.
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