HELLO FRIENDS…

MYSELF GAUTAM MAKHIJA

FROM DA-IICT
B.TECH 1st YEAR(2019-20)
ID:201901161
ICT(information and communication technology)
 FINAL PROJECT OF DISCRETE
MATHEMATICS

ASSIGNED BY : PROFESSOR MANISH K. GUPTA

COURSE : SC 205
CRYPTOGRAPHY IN SECURE COMMUNICATION
IN THIS VIDEO I WILL DISCUSS ABOUT A SECURE COMMUNICATION PROBLEM.
 PROBLEM
• SUPPOSE TWO PERSON WANT TO COMMUNICATE EACH OTHER BUT
THEY WANT THAT THEIR MESSAGE BECOME SAFE AND PRIVATE AND
NO ONE CAN READ THEIR MESSAGE.
• 1) DO ENCRYPTION: CONVERT THIS PLAIN TEXT INTO CIPHER-
TEXT(DATA INTO A DIFFERENT FORM WHICH IS INCOMPREHENSIBLE).
• 2) DO DECRYPTION : CONVERT RECEIVED CIPHER-TEXT INTO
PLAINTEXT.
 SOLUTION
• SUPPOSE WE WANT TO SEND THE MESSAGE: "HELLO WORLD".
• LET'S FIRST ENCRYPT THIS MESSAGE:
• 1ST WE DENOTE NUMBERS TO EACH ALPHABET:
• A=1,B=2,C=3,D=4,E=5,F=6,G=7,H=8,I=9,J=10,K=11,L=12,M=13,N=14,O=15,P=16,Q=17,
R=18,S=19,T=20,U=21,V=22,W=23,X=24,Y=25,Z=26,AND SPACE=0.- - - - -(1).
• SO , FROM ABOVE ”HELLO WORLD” BECOME:
• ”8 5 12 12 15 0 23 15 18 12 4” - - - (2).
• TAKE OUR PUBLIC KEY N=27 AND PRIVATE KEY AS 2X2 MATRIX.

• KEY = 2 3
-1 0

• NOW CONVERT (2) IN MATRIX WHOSE COLUMN IS 2.

SO WE GET,
 8 5
12 12
A = 15 0
23 15
18 12
4 0
HERE LAST INDEX IS EMPTY SO WE ADD 0(SPACE) THERE.
• NOW MULTIPLY A WITH KEY
8 5
12 12
A X KEY = 15 0 2 3
23 15 -1 0
18 12
4 0
SO, 11 24
12 36
A X KEY= 13 45
31 69
24 54
8 12
• NOW DIVIDE ALL NUMBERS OF THIS MATRIX WITH N SO WE WILL GET,
• REMINDER: 11 24 12 9 3 18 4 15 24 0 8 12, AND
• QUOTIENT: 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 0 0.
• NOW CONVERT ALL NUMBERS OF REMINDER IN ALPHABET USING(1) AND WE
WILL GET:
• ”KXLICRDOX HL”.
• SEND THIS ABOVE MESSAGE AND QUOTIENT TO THE RECEIVER.
• NOW WE WILL DO DECRYPTION OF THIS RECEIVED MESSAGE:
• HERE RECEIVER WILL GET THIS MESSAGE ”KXLICRDOX HL” AND QUOTIENT.
• 1ST CONVERT THIS ALPHABET INTO NUMBERS USING (1).
• WE WILL GET: “11 24 12 9 3 18 4 15 24 0 8 12”.
• TAKE MULTIPLICATION OF QUOTIENT’S EACH NUMBER WITH N AND ADD
REMINDER IN IT.
• 1ST NUMBER WE’LL GET IS Y1=27×0 + 11 = 11.
• THEN Y2=27×0 + 24 = 24.
• LIKE THIS, Y4=27×1 + 9 = 36.
• SO WE’LL GET,
“11 24 12 36 30 45 31 69 24 54 8 12.”
• CONVERT THESE NUMBERS IN MATRIX WHOSE COLUMN IS 2.
11 24
12 36
30 45
B= 31 69
24 54
8 12
• NOW MULTIPLY B WITH KEYˉ(KEY INVERSE) THEN WE WILL GET OUR
ORIGINAL MATRIX.
• HERE, KEY = 2 3
-1 0

SO, KEYˉ = 1/3 0 -3

1 2
Y = B X KEYˉ
11 24
12 36
Y= 30 45 1/3 0 -3
31 69 12
24 54
8 12
SO, 8 5
12 12
Y = 15 0
23 15
18 12
4 0
NOW CONVERT Y’S EACH NUMBER IN ALPHABET.
• WE’LL GET : “HELLO WORLD “
• HERE LAST SPACE IS NEGLIGIBLE SO REMOVE THAT SPACE AND WE WILL
GET:
“HELLO WORLD”
• THAT IS OUR ORIGINAL MESSAGE.
• SO , WE ENCRYPT OUR MESSAGE SECURELY AND DECRYPT USING SOME
PARTICULAR METHOD SO THAT ONLY RECEIVER CAN READ THE MESSAGE.
 APPLICATION OF THIS MODEL

• THIS MODEL IS USEFUL TO COMMUNICATE SECRETLY, ALLOWING THE

WORLD TO SEE THE ENCRYPTED MESSAGE IN CASE ANYONE IS LISTENING
IN, WHILE NOT ALLOWING THEM TO KNOW THE ACTUAL MESSAGE. ONLY
THE INTENDED RECIPIENT CAN READ IT.
• THERE ARE MANY MORE BENEFITS OF THIS MODEL:
• 1) THIS MODEL IS USED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY IN SECURITY RELATED
AREAS. IT CAN LIMIT ONLY APPROVED PEOPLE TO ACCESS SECRET DATA.
• 2) THIS MODEL IS USED IN SECURELY STORING DATA ON YOUR COMPUTER,
LIKE YOUR PASSWORD KEEPER.
• 3) THIS MODEL CAN BE USED IN FINANCIAL, GOVERNMENT, MEDICAL,
EVEN MULTIPLAYER GAMES TO SECURE DATA AND INFORMATION.
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