BINARY OPERATIONS

THE TERM BINARY MEANS CONSISTING OF TWO

PARTS. IN MATHEMATICS, BINARY MEANS THAT IT
BELONGS TO A NUMBER SYSTEM WITH BASE 2 AND
NOT BASE 10.
A BINARY NUMBER IS MADE UP OF ONLY O’S AND 1’S
AND A SINGLE BINARY DIGIT IS CALLED A BIT. TO
DISTINGUISH A BINARY FROM A DECIMAL NUMBER, IT
IS WRITTEN WITH SUBSCRIPT 2.
 EXAMPLES OF BINARY NUMBERS

11112
101002
100011.12
FINDING THE VALUE OF A BINARY NUMBER

TO FIND THE VALUE OF A BINARY NUMBER IT IS BEST

TO CONSTRUCT A TABLE OF VALUES WHERE THE
DECIMAL EQUIVALENT OF BASE 2 NUMBERS ARE
WRITTEN.
 TABLE OF VALUES

210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
FIND THE VALUE OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. 10102
2. 11112
3. 110002

• STARTING FROM THE RIGHT, WRITE THE 0’S AND 1’S

IN THEIR RESPECTIVE COLUMNS (0 UNDER 20 , 1 UNDER
21 AND SO ON)
• THEN FIND THE DECIMAL EQUIVALENT.

• ADD THE VALUES.

 1. 10102 = 10 3. 110002 = 24

2. 11112 = 15

210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10 = 8 + 2 = 1 0 1 0
15 = 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 1 1 1 1
24 = 16 + 8 = 1 1 0 0 0
 REWRITING DECIMAL NUMBERS AS BINARY
NUMBERS

• CONSTRUCT A TABLE OF VALUES

• SUBTRACT THE HIGHEST DECIMAL VALUE FROM THE GIVEN

NUMBER.
• WRITE 1 UNDER THE COLUMN OF THAT VALUE.

• REPEAT UNTIL THE REMAINDER IS ZERO (0).

• WRITE 0 UNDER THE COLUMNS THAT ARE LEFT BLANK

REWRITE THE FOLLOWING AS BINARY
NUMBERS

1. 342
2. 865
3. 1, 512
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING AS BINARY NUMBERS
1. 342 2. 865 3. 1, 512

342 – 256 = 86 – 64 = 22 – 16 = 6 – 4 = 2 – 2 = 0

29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0

342 = 1010101102
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING AS BINARY NUMBERS
1. 342 2. 865 3. 1, 512

865 – 512 = 353 – 256 = 97 – 64 = 33 – 32 = 1 – 1 = 0

29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

865 = 11011000012
 REWRITE THE FOLLOWING AS BINARY NUMBERS
1. 342 2. 865 3. 1, 512

1512 – 1024 = 488 - 256 = 232 – 128 = 104 – 64 = 40 – 32 = 8 – 8 = 0

210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0

1,512 = 101111010002
 ADDITION OF BINARY NUMBERS

TO ADD BINARY NUMBERS, IT IS BEST TO REMEMBER

THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS:
12
02 12 12 + 12
+ 02 + 02 + 12 + 12
02 12 102 112
12 + 12 = 102 12 IS EQUAL TO 1, SO 1 + 1 = 2, AND THE VALUE
OF 102 IS 2, SO 12 + 12 = 102

12 + 12 + 12 = 112. WE KNOW THAT 12 IS EQUAL TO 1, SO 1 + 1 +

1 = 3, AND THE VALUE OF 112 IS 3, SO 12 + 12 + 12 = 112.
210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2 = 1 0
3=2+1 = 1 1
ADD THE FOLLOWING:
1. 10012 + 10102 2. 110012 + 111012
3. 1112 + 101012 + 110012
• ARRANGE THE BINARY NUMBERS VERTICALLY,
MAKING SURE THAT THE BITS ARE ARRANGED IN
COLUMNS
• PERFORM THE ADDITION, REMEMBERING THE
CONCEPTS THAT YOU HAVE LEARNED.
ADD THE FOLLOWING:
1. 10012 + 10102 2. 110012 + 111012
3. 1112 + 101012 + 110012
1. 10012 2. 110012
+ 10102 + 111012
1101102
100112
ADD THE FOLLOWING:
1. 10012 + 10102 2. 110012 + 111012
3. 1112 + 101012 + 110012
WHEN ADDING 3 OR MORE BINARY NUMBERS, IT IS
BEST TO FIND PARTIAL SUMS INSTEAD OF ADDING
THEM ALL AT ONCE.
3.
1112 111002
+ 101012 + 110012
111002 Partial sum 1101012
 BINARY OPERATION

A BINARY OPERATION IS A RULE FOR COMBINING

TWO VALUES TO PRODUCE A NEW VALUE.
 EXAMPLES OF BINARY OPERATION

+5 0 1 2 3 4

0 0 1 2 3 4

1 1 2 3 4 0

2 2 3 4 0 1

3 3 4 0 1 2

4 4 0 1 2 3
* 1 2 3 4 5

1 3 4 5 1 2
2 4 5 1 2 3
3 5 1 2 3 4
4 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 3 4 5 1
 IN THE GIVEN TABLE, THE BINARY OPERATION ON
THE SET OF REAL NUMBERS, A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, IS
ADDITION MODULO 5 WHEREIN 5 IS SUBTRACTED
FROM THE SUM IF THE SUM IS 5 OR MORE AND THE
REMAINDER BECOMES THE ANSWER.

FOR EXAMPLE, 2 + 3 = 5 – 5 = 0, THEREFORE, 2 + 3 = 0.

IN THE SAME MANNER THAT 3 + 4 = 7- 5 = 2, SO 3 + 4 =
2.
 AN ELEMENT, , IS SAID TO BE AN IDENTITY ELEMENT
OR A NEUTRAL ELEMENT OF A BINARY OPERATION IF
UNDER THE OPERATION, ANY ELEMENT COMBINED

WITH RESULTS IN THE SAME ELEMENT.

IN THE GIVEN EXAMPLE, THE IDENTITY ELEMENT OR

THE NEUTRAL ELEMENT OF THE BINARY OPERATION IS
0 SINCE ANY NUMBER COMBINED WITH 0 RESULTED IN
THE SAME NUMBER.
END OF LESSON