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Cargo Handlig-1
Cargo Handlig-1
(54)
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Ship’s cargo gear
معدات الشحن
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Ship’s cargo gear
Definition:-
Shipboard lifting gear is the equipment onboard the ship,
which is designated to lift cargo from shore, and land it in
the ship’s holds and vice versa, this operation is called
loading and discharging cargo.
تعريف: -
ْلر ْفع البضاعه ِمن َ
َ ،السفينة أدوات الشحن الموجوده على
َ
هذه العملي ِة،السفينة والعكس بالعكس وانزالها داخل،الرصيف
.تسمى بشحن وتفريغ البضاعه
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Introduction:-
There are four main types of lifting gear on Dry
Cargo ships; under each type there are many designs
with a variety of lifting capacity, which varies between
3 tons up to 400 ton on unspecialized ships, and can
exceed that on heavy lift ships.
المقدمة
سفُ ِن الشحن ُ الر ْفع على َ أنواع رئيسي ِة ِمنْ أدوات ِ هناك أربعة
شكِيلة فىْ التصاميم َمع َت
ِ ْالجا ّفةِ؛ تحت ُكل ّ نوع هناك العديد ِمن
ِّ َطن400أطنان الىِ 3 تفاوت بين ُ والتي َت،قدر ِة ر;فع البضاعه
َ
تجاوز تلك على و ُي ْم ِكنُ َأنْ َت،ِصصة ّ فن الغي ِر; ال ُم َت َخ
ِ سُ على ال
.تخصصه لألحمال الثقيل ِة ِ فن الم
ِ سُ ال
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The four main shipboard-based lifting
gears are:
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ح;لقه; ح;ول ا;;لرأ;سSpider Band
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رأ8سا88لذرا8ع Head
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ب;;كره; ا;;لرأ;سأو ا;;لشحنه; Head Block
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س;;لك ا;;لشحنه; Runner
ك;عب Heel
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زاويه; عنقأوزه; Gooseneck
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زمام; ج;انبأ;يسرPort Guy
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ونش(را;ف;عه;) Winch
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lifting gears
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1- Single Swinging Derrick
Conventional heavy lift boom
Swinging derrick rig consist of one derrick placed
in the centre of the vessel, it was named swinging
because the derrick swing back and forth between
the hatchway and the dockside (or lighter) during
Loading/Discharging.
زال موجــودُ علىَ نوع من األجهزه لمناوله البضاعه ما ِ هذا ال
ِن السفن التى ُ لكنه يختِفى وبســـر،ِالس ُف ِن القديمة
ْ ـعه م ُ َب ْعض
.محيطات
ِ تجـوب ال
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The Union Purchase rig consist of two derricks, One
derrick, called the 'ship derrick' is positioned over the
hatch-opening (hatchway) in order to allow a direct
vertical lead to the cargo within the hold and the
other, called the 'off-shore derrick' is positioned clear
of the rail to allow of discharge to the berth or lighter
(barge).
ُ ض
وعة على فتح ِة ْ وهذا النوع َي
ُ واحدة َم ْو،شمل ُ رافعتين
مح بسحب الشحنه من العنبر َ ) لكي َت ْسhatchway( ;العنبر
َ لكي َت ْسoff-shore derrick واألخرى مس ّماة
مح بسحب
.الشحنه من الر;صيف الى العنبر 19
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3- Cranes, Deck Cranes Both Level-Luffing.
Electro-hydraulic single deck cranes have hoisting
capacities of 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 40 tons.
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Twin cranes “Both Level-Luffing” are designed to have
hoisting capacities of 2 x 12; 2 x 20; 2 x 25; 2 x 40 tons,
but they can operate either singly or in concert.
َ ص َّممة فى َرفع
سعة َ الرافعات التوأمية” ُم
2 x 12 طن
2 x 20 طن
2 x 25 طن
2 x 40 طن
. أَو مشتركتينSingly ِن أَ ْن ترفع أ ّما
ُ و ُي ْمك
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Twin cranes
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Heavier hoisting capacities are also available for specialized
ships and cargoes; they reached the staggering hoisting capacity
of 400 tons.
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These crane types are suitable for relatively fast
moving general, bulk and container cargoes.
فى البضاعه،السريع نسبيًا
ِ األنواع مناسبة للرفع
َ هذه
.العامه والسائبه والحاويات
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4- Gantry
Other crane design is the gantry crane, similar to shore
based container gantry crane.
This design is not wide spread onboard vessels as the
traditional one.
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The ship is equipped with two rails near the bulwark
running the full length of the main deck from under
the forecastle up to the superstructure, this enable to
position the gantry crane exactly on top of the cargo.
التجهيزات
ِن َ
ْ السفينة بقضيبين ممتدين على السطح الرئيسى م جهز
ّ ت
. إلى نهايه السطح الرئيسىforecastle تحت
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This design achieved very good
loading/discharging rate with light homogeneous
cargo, capacity of these cranes varies but the most
common is between 20 to 30 Ton.
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cargo slings
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Basics of safe slinging
The load must be adequately secured by the sling.
The sling must be adequately attached to the lifting
appliance.
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The load must be slung so that it will not collapse or
change form when it is lifted.
The load must not damage the sling, perhaps causing
it to part.
َ
. الرافعة تلف
َ ب أنْ ُي
ُ الصبانى ال َي ِج
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The load must not be damaged by the sling e.g., wire rope
slings may rip paper, score timber, distort steel, etc.; fiber
rope slings can rupture paper sacks.
ـيغ
صبانى أثناء الشحن والتفر
ِ أن تُتلَ َف بواسطه ال
الشحنه ال َي ِج ُب ْ
سلك َق ْد ُتمزُقّ شحنه
حبل ِذلك :رافعات ِ (المناوله) ومثال على ِ
ـيغ المصممه الورق ،أو الخشب كما أن مهمــات الشحن والتفر
َ
ورقية. ِن أَ ْن تتلف ال َ
أكياس ال ليف ُي ْمك ُ
حبل ال ِ
ب ِ
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1-Rope sling: This is formed by joining the ends of a piece of 25-
30 mm rope about 10-12 metres in length with a short splice. The
sling is in very common use. Bags, baled goods, barrels and cases
may all be slung with this.
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2- Canvas sling: This is formed by sewing a piece of
canvas between the parts of a rope sling. It is used for bagged
grain, rice, coffee and similar cargoes where the contents of
the bag are small. Any spillage is retained in the canvas and is
not wasted. The stress on the outside bags is spread more
evenly and thus the chance of splitting is reduced.
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3-Board sling: Is similar to the canvas sling but wood is
used in place of the canvas. This is used for slinging fragile
cargo such as bags of cement.
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4- Snotter: May be made of either rope or wire by forming an
eye at each end of a If. 20mm wire or 50~60 mm rope 4~6
metres in length. It is used for slinging cases, bales, wet hides
and timber.
-4حبل تحزيم من السلك
عباره عن واير من األسالك المجدوله من الصلب المجلفن وهذا الواير طويل
وله غاصتين للشك منها فى الهوك وتستخدم فى تفريغ أو شحن البضــائع
العامه كالصناديق ومنها الكبيره وطرود الحديد والباالت واألخشاب ومعـدات
االنشاءات وحديد التسليح.
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5- Chain sling: Consists of a length of chain with a large
ring at one end and a hook HI smaller ring at the other end. It
is used for lifting heavy logs, bundles of iron and most
steelwork. Care must always be taken that no kinks are
allowed to form in the chain when goods are being lifted.
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6- Plate clamps: There are various types of plate clamp, but
the principle is that the plate is gripped when the weight is taken,
so that there is no chance of the plate slipping c n could do if a
chain sling was used.
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7- Can hooks: The hook slips under the lip of the drum or
barrel. There are frequently four or five sets of hooks on a ring,
which enable drums and barrels to be handled very rapidly. They
are not to be recommended for handling heavy barrels as there is
a possibility that the staves will be pulled out.
خطاف البراميل-7
عباره عن حلقه بها جنزير مقفول أى ليس له أطراف وبالجنزير كتفين متحركتين
ويستخدم لتفريغ البراميل بكافه أنواعها
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8- Trays: May be square, rectangular or round. They are
slung by short pieces of rope, called legs, attached to the
corners. Used for small cases and drums.
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9- Boxes: Similar to the tray but a wooden side is fixed around
it. Used for handling explosives.
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10- Nets: Used for handling small packages and mails, A wooden
board is sometimes placed in the net if there is a risk of the
packages being crushed. A canvas net sling is sometimes used for
slinging frozen meat.
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11- Car slings: There are many types of these. All are
designed for the rapid handling of cars and Lorries. It is
essential that spreaders should be fitted otherwise there is a
possibility that the bodywork of the vehicle will be damaged
(cave in). When heavy Lorries and buses or big chassis are to
be slung, wire slings are usually attached direct to the ends of
the axles.
ميزانيه سيارات-11
ويستخدم فى تفريغ السيارات المالكى ويتكون من أربعـه أطراف
) ماسوره كاميزانيه لفصل2( وهو يتكون من أربعه أطراف سلك
4 كما يوجد,األطراف من األمام والخلف حفاظا على جسم السياره
قفل برام
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12- Heavy Lift Slings: Are used for the handling of
locomotives and similar cargo. A large beam is employed to
separate the slings which are of large gauge wire. The slings
are attached to the ends of the beam.
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