PRINCIPLES OF CROP

PRODUCTION
CRPT 102
BS Agriculture 1 A.Y. 2021-2022 Second Semester
Prepared by: Mr. MELMAR D. EJE, Magr, Lic.Agr
BS Agriculture
 BS Agriculture
a person who has received a degree from a
Bachelor college, university, or professional school usually
after four years of study(https://www.merriam-
webster.com)
BS Agriculture
(1) knowledge about or study of the natural world based
Science on facts learned through experiments and observation
(2) a particular area of scientific study (3) a subject that is
formally studied in a college, university, etc.
(https://www.merriam-webster.com)
BS Agriculture
defined as an art, science and business of producing crops and
livestock for economic purposes.
 The goals and objects of the course are:

TOPIC 1:  To gain a basic understanding of the processes

PLANT through which plants function;
 To develop concepts concerning the factors
BIOLOGY/ leading to the great diversity among plants and
BOTANY the need to maintain this diversity;
 To understand the complex role of plants in the
environment and in our society in order to make
informed decisions
 LECTURE 1
What is Science?

INTRODUCTION
TO SCIENCE
 LECTURE 1
What is Science?

INTRODUCTION
TO SCIENCE
 LECTURE 1
What is Science?
The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the
structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation
INTRODUCTION and experiment.

TO SCIENCE
 What do you think of when asked
to visualize a plant?

PLANTS
 The word ‘plant’
encompasses a wide
PLANTS range of living
organisms, all of which
belong to
the kingdom Plantae
and share a range of
characteristics.
 Plants are an incredibly important
kingdom of organisms. They are
multicellular organisms with the
amazing ability to make their own
food from carbon dioxide in the
PLANTS atmosphere.
PLANTS

They provide the foundation of many

food webs and animal life would not
exist if plants were not around.
 Botany is the scientific study of plants—how
plants function, what they look like, how they
are related to each other, where they grow,
how people make use of plants, and how
PLANTS plants evolved.
 Botany often includes the study of algae,
may deal with fungi and bacteria, and
usually explores the lives of plants, from
tiny floating duckweeds to gigantic
PLANTS redwood trees.
 Plants are essential to the
lives of humans, providing
all our food—either directly
or indirectly—as well as the
PLANTS oxygen we breathe. In
addition, the plant
kingdom is nature’s
medicine cabinet because
plants are the source of
many of the most
important remedies used
today.
PLANTS
By using the sun’s energy to fix carbon
dioxide, plants are able to produce sugars
through a process known as
photosynthesis.
 Some plants produce beautiful
flowers for which people pay
hundreds of dollars, plants and plant
materials are worn by people, and
some plants produce toxins that kill
PLANTS animals, including humans.
PLANTS

Plants are the foundation of all terrestrial communities,

and they dramatically affect the world’s climate, the
global cycles of nutrients and water, as well as the lives
of animals every day.
 Why Study
Botany?

PLANTS
 PLANTS

Botanist
 If you want to work in a tropical forest or
on a farm, studying Botany can help
prepare you. 

PLANTS
PLANTS What Can I Study?
 Plant Ecology Plant Anatomy
Economic Botany Plant Molecular Biology
Ecosystem Ecology Plant Physiology
Paleobotany Plant Systematics

PLANTS Plant-Animal Interactions Field Biology

Cell Biology Plant Reproductive Biology
Genetics Biology Education
Global Change Biology Plant Care and Cultivation
Plant Ultrastructure Plant Development Biology
Environmental Biology Sexual Plant Reproduction
PLANTS Where Can I Work?
PLANTS POSSIBLE EMPLOYERS
PLANTS Botanists use these and other
characteristics to further define
plants into groups.
PLANTS
PLANTS

Vascular or non-vascular plants

 A critical step
in the
evolution of
PLANTS current plant
species was
the evolution
of vascular
tissue.
 Before plants evolved vascular tissue, water was
only able to enter into a plant by diffusing
through the plant’s cells.

PLANTS
 There are still many species on non-
vascular plants but the vast majority of
plant species contain vascular tissue. Non-
vascular plants include organisms such as
PLANTS mosses and liverworts. 
PLANTS
Vascular plants make up over 90% of all plant
species that are currently found on Earth. More
primitive vascular plants include lycophytes and
ferns.
 Gymnosperms
and
angiosperms
are the two
PLANTS most recently
evolved groups
of vascular
plants. They can
both produce
wood and
reproduce with
seeds rather
than spores.
 An angiosperm is any plant that produces
flowers, fruit, and seeds. They are the
most advanced, diverse and abundant
group of plants. Angiosperms include the
ANGIOSPERMS majority of the plants that most people
are familiar with such as grasses, orchids,
roses, lavender, magnolias, plus the plants
that produce the fruits, vegetables, grains
and nuts that we regularly eat.
 Flowers and fruit evolved as a part of a
plant’s reproduction. Flowers produce
pollen and an ovary. Pollen from one
flower is delivered to the ovary of
ANGIOSPERMS
another flower – this is known as
pollination. A sperm cell found in a
pollen grain fertilizes an egg located in
an ovary. Once the egg is fertilized, it
develops into a seed and the ovary
develops into a fruit.
 Gymnosperms are the closest
relatives of angiosperms. They are a
GYMNOSPERMS
group of woody plants that produce
seeds but no flowers or fruit. The
seeds of gymnosperms are usually
found in cones rather than inside
fruit.
GYMNOSPERMS

There are four different groups of

gymnosperms. These include the gingko,
gnetophyta, cycads and conifers. Conifers
contain the majority of species and include the
well-known pine trees.
 Ferns and
lycophytes are
non-woody plants
and also don’t
FERNS AND produce seeds,
LYCOPHYTES flowers or fruit.
Instead, ferns and
lycophytes
reproduce using
tiny structures
called spores.