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Excel Graphics and Analysis Homework

Creating Bar Graphs, Histograms, and Bar Charts
to Depict the Data
Below, Microsoft excel is used to create bar graphs, histograms,
and bar charts to show the effect of tornadoes and their duration
according to their intensities on the f-scale. Each graph is
explained. Then, the type of distribution associated with the
duration of the tornadoes is explained. A summary is then given on
the experience of the data analyst while undertaking this
assignment.
A Bar Graph Depicting the Number of Tornadoes by F-Scale

F5

F4

F3
F-scale

F2

F1

F0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Number of tornadoes
Explaining How the Frequency of the Severest
Tornadoes Compares With Normal Tornado
Formation

b. Explain how the frequency of the severest tornadoes the

April 3– 4, 1974,
outbreak compare with normal tornado formation (2 pts)
 
As per the graph, it can be seen that little more than 20%
(=30/148) of all the tornadoes recorded on April 3-4 1974,
exceeded F3 on Fujita scale i.e. they fell under category F4 and
f5.This is much higher in comparison to the normal tornado
formation which is little more than 1%.

Creating a Histogram for the Distribution of Tornado

Duration

2. Time taken by tornado:

a) Create a histogram that displays the distribution of
tornado duration for all the tornadoes. (2 pts)
 Tornado duration
60

50

40

30
Frequency

20

10

0
<10 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100 110 >
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 - - 120
110 120

Tornado Duration

Explaining the Distribution of Tornado Duration According To the

b) Is this a normal distribution? (explain)

No, this is not a normal distribution as it highly positively
skewed with longer right tail. For a distribution to be normally
distributed, the graph looks like a bell curve which peaks at the
center and the data is evenly spread around the center and as we
move far away from the mean, the frequency starts to decrease
and there is very little data in the tails.
Generating 6 Histograms That Show Tornado Duration
for Each F-Scale
3. The duration of tornados for F-scale categories.
a. Generate 6 histograms that show tornado duration for each F-
scale category. (6 pts)

Tornado duration for F0 Tornado duration for F1

16 12
14
10
12
8
10

8 6
Frequency
Frequency

6
4
4
2
2

0 0
< 5 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- >
e
1

10 15 20 25 30 30
or
M

Tornado duration
Tornado duration
 Tornado duration for Tornado duration
F2 for F3
10 14
9
8
12
7 10
6 8

Frequency
5
Frequency

4
6
3 4
2 2
1
0
0
< 5 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- > < 10- 20- 30- 40- >50
10 15 20 25 30 30 10 20 30 40 50

Tornado duration Tornado duration

Tornado duration for Tornado duration for

F4 F5
12 3.5
3
10 2.5
8 2
Frequency

6
Frequency

1.5
4 1
2 0.5
0 0
< 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- > < 30 30- 40- 50- > 60
10 20 30 40 50 60 60 40 50 60

Tornado duration Tornado duration

Explaining the Relationship between Duration and
Intensity
b. Is there a relationship between duration and intensity (the F-
scale category)? Describe. (2 pts)
 
It can be seen that the lower the intensity (F-scale category),
lower is the duration as the number of tornado durations range
from 1 to 10 with the exception of one tornado whose duration is
30. This scale changes to “<5”, “5-10”, ….”>30” in F1, F2. It
further changes to “<10”, “10-20”, ….”>60” in F3 and F4 and to
“<30”, “30-40”, ……”>60” in F5. Thus, it can be seen that there
is a direct relationship between duration and intensity i.e. higher
the intensity, higher is the duration and vice versa.

4. Death count and tornado intensity.

a. Generate a bar chart to show the relationship between
tornado intensity (x axis) and f deaths (y axis). (2 pts)
 Tornado intensity and number of deaths
140

120

100
Number of deaths

80

60

40

20

0
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
F-scale

b. The severest tornadoes) account for not less than 70% of

deaths. Is this death distribution consistent with the observation?
What is the relationship? (2 pts)
 
In the given data, the most severe tornadoes F-4 (42.3%) and F-5
(42.6%) accounts for about 85% of deaths which is more than
70% of the deaths. And thus, death distribution of this outbreak is
consistent with this observation. Thus, the most severe tornadoes
seem to be very deadly.
 
Creating a Bar Chart for the Relationship between Community
Size and Deaths
5. Number of deaths and community size

Create a bar chart that shows the relationship between

community size (x axis), and deaths (y axis). (2 pts)

Deaths
100
90
80
70
60
50
Number of deaths

40
30
20
10
0
s

es

es

es

es
ea

iti
iti

citi
iti
ar

ec
un

all

m
al

rg
iu
r

Sm
Ru

La
ed
co

M
all
Sm

Community size
a. Are tornadoes more likely to strike rural areas? Are number of
deaths a function of community size? (2 pts)
 
About 32% of the deaths due to tornadoes have occurred in rural
areas and thus, tornadoes more likely to strike rural areas. Moreover,
smaller the community size, larger are the number of deaths and
thus, number of deaths is a function of community size.

Writing a Summary of the Project

6. Summary of the Project.

 
It took about three hours to complete the assignment. It was
interesting. The instructions file was helpful. Creating graphs in
excel was the part that I enjoyed the most.