Histograms 21 February 2024

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 Learning Objectives

To know
- The differences between a histogram and a bar
chart.

- How to draw a histogram.

- How to complete a frequency tree from a histogram

- How to solve problems involving histograms

New Learning Pablo is hosting a party. He counts how many
people are between 15 and 20, and 20 and 50.
Age (years) Frequency
15 ≤ a < 20 15 Why is below graph somewhat unhelpful.
20 ≤ a < 50 15 How could we fix it?

Click to Start
animation
Frequency

15

10 20 30 40 50
Age
New Learning
Age (years) Frequency
15 ≤ a < 20 15
20 ≤ a < 50 15

Click to Start
3 animation
Estimated Frequency
Frequency Density

10 20 30 40 50
Age
I do
I do
Checking for Understanding Frequency Density =
Frequency ÷ class width
- fill in the gaps -
1 Weight (w kg) Frequency Frequency Density
0 < w ≤ 10 40 4
?
6 1.2
10 < w ≤ 15
?
15 < w ≤ 35 52 ? 2.6
35 < w ≤ 45 10 ? 1

2 Frequency = 40?
5 Frequency = 15?
Frequency = 25?
Frequency Density

3
?
Frequency = 30

10 20 30 40 50
Height (m)
Learning Activity

Provided collection of past GCSE questions.

(Answers on next slides)
Challenge Activity (Printable)

Hint: The second row has a ‘complete’

set of information (bar and frequency)
Challenge Activity (Solution)

FD
3.8
4.8
4.2 ? Hint: The second row has a ‘complete’
?
31 3.1 set of information (bar and frequency)
0.8
To understand
 Modelling – LO3
Frequency Density

?
30  30 = 1

?
84 ? graph)
4.2 (using
?
60 6 (using?graph)

40  20 ?=2
18  30 ?= 0.6

8
7
6
5

4
3
2

1
 Checking for Understanding
Quick-fire determining FD scale.

Work out the scales on the frequency density axis.

4 16 2
Frequency Density

Frequency Density
Frequency Density
3 12
?2 ?
8 ?1
1 4

0 10 20 0 10 20 20 28 36
Height (m) Height (m) Height (m)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
Learning Activity

Provided collection of past GCSE questions.

(Answers on next slides)
Solution – question 1

FD
3.2
2
12
?
6
?
1.2
0.6
0.4

4.0

3.2

2.4

1.6

0.8
Solution – question 2

FD
0.8
1
1.6
2 ?
1.2

2.0

1.5

1.0 ?

0.5
Solution – question 3

FD
3
5
?
3.6
1.2
(b) Work out an estimate for
the number of cars with a
speed of more than 85 km/h.
5
Note that 85 to 100 is three-
4 quarters of the 80 to 100 interval.
Thus we can estimate we’ll have
?
of the 24 drivers in this group.
3

1
Solution – question 4

FD
?
30 1
3.5
?
60 3 ?
1.5
0.5
Solution – question 5

?
24

?
30
Solutions to Challenge pack…
Harder Histogram Questions

We previously saw that the area

gives us frequency. If we don’t have
the frequency density axis, we
could use the idea that area and
frequency are in proportion to
each other.

One strategy: Since area

represents frequency, find out
how many people each square is
worth.

130cm-135cm  20 squares
Each square worth: children
?
110-130cm  70 squares
children

If each square is 0.5 children, we

need 12Click to show?
squares.
Harder Histogram Questions

However, there’s nothing

stopping you using the same
3 approach as before: working out
the frequency density axis from
a ‘complete’ set of information
2 (i.e. where we have the
frequency AND the bar).

1
So finding area between 110cm and
130cm (as area = frequency)
?
Test Your Understanding (use either method)
a (If using square count method,
perhaps count big squares
rather than little squares.)

18 big squares 9 students

So 1 square = 0.5 students

Total squares = 30
15 students ?

OR: F.D. =
Then use areas of bars.

b 24 (big) squares required

(We can have 4 rows of 5 to get
first 20 squares, but have to split
the last 4 squares across 5, thus
?
use of a square for each square at
top)
This is quite a clumsy method, so
the frequency density approach
would probably be easier here.
 Proportion Histogram Questions
Sometimes you have to find the proportion of people/things/animals within some
range of values. Key Point: Since area is frequency, the proportion of the area is
the same as the proportion of the frequency. e.g. If half the area
is above 18m, then half the people are above 18m.

8 Total area ?
7
What proportion of people had a
6 height:
Frequency Density

5 Between 10 and 14m:

4 ?
Between 14 and 18m:
3

2 ?
1 Bro Tip: If the frequency
density scale is missing, you
can set it to what you like for
10 14 18 22 26
this kind of question.
Height (m)
Test Your Understanding
Bro Tip: I recommend writing the area of each bar on the bar itself, as you’ll likely have to use some areas twice.

Solution:
Total apples:
(40 x 0.12) + (20 x 0.36) + (20 x
0.7) + (20 x 0.56) + (40 x 0.18) =
44.4

Apples in range?140-160g:
(20 x 0.36) + (20 x 0.7) + (20 x
0.56) = 32.4

Proportion =
Questions

Provided collection of past GCSE questions.

Solutions – Question 1

a If we use 1,2,3,… on
frequency density scale:
Total area

Area between 25 and 40

mins:
?
Percentage:

b of area is between
10-15 mins.
?
Solutions – Question 2

60

50 Answer:

40 ?

30

20

10
Solutions – Question 3
The histogram shows information about the lifetime of some batteries.

14
12 Total batteries
Frequency
density10

8
batteries
?
6
4
2

1 .5 2 2 .5 3 3 .5 4 4 .5 5

Two of the batteries had a lifetime of between 1.5 and 2.5 years. Find the total number of batteries.
Solutions – Question 4

FD
16
4
2.4
4.8

Frequency Density
16
40 12
60 8
4
56
0
32

B1 for Frequency density label or

appropriate units
?
B2 for 4 correct histogram bars sq
(B1 for 2 bars correct)
Solutions – Question 5

0.05
8
6? 0.04

0.03
?
0.02

0.01
Printing Resources
I do