ARCHIPELAGO

BEFORE THE
WESTERN
COLONIZATION
WHAT IS ARCHIPELAGO?
• An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or
island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of
islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small
number of scattered islands.
• The Philippines is called an archipelago because it
consists of a large number of islands. The Republic
of Philippines is a country which lies in the western
Pacific Ocean, in Southeast Asia. ... The group of
islands in the Philippines are geographically divided
in three broad groups, which are Luzon, Visayas and
Mindanao.
 THREE MAIN TRIBES THAT ARE INHABITED THE
PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO

NEGRITOS
Pre-historic aborigines. They were excellent hunters and food gatherers
and riche the island through land bridges around 15-30 BC.
PROTO-MALAYS
A mongol-asiatic race, arrived around 2500 BC using vessels called
Balangays and they brought with them their knowledge in Sea faring,
farming, building of houses from trees and creation of fire for cooking.
DUETERO-MALAYS India-asiatic race that prevailed with the more
superior and advance culture. They possessed their own system in
writing, knowledge and skills in Agriculture, metallurgy, jewelry
making as well as boat building.
• The Philippines is the only country in Southeast Asia that was
subjected to Western colonization before it had the opportunity
to develop either a centralized government ruling over a large
territory or a dominant culture.

• In ancient times the inhabitants of the Philippines were a diverse

agglomeration of peoples who arrived in various waves of
immigration from the Asian mainland and who maintained little
contact with each other. Contact with Chinese traders was
recorded in 982, and some cultural influences from South Asia,
such as a Sanskrit-based writing system, were carried to the
islands by the Indonesian empires of Srivijaya (7th–13th
century) and Majapahit (13th–16th century); but in comparison
with other parts of the region, the influence of both China and
India on the Philippines was of little importance.
• . The peoples of the Philippine
archipelago, unlike most of the
other peoples of Southeast Asia,
never adopted Hinduism or
Buddhism.

• The first recorded visit by

Europeans is the arrival of
Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted
Samar Island on March 16, 1521
and landed the next day on
Homonhon Island, now part of
Guiuan, Eastern Samar.
Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López
de Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico.
He established the first permanent settlement in Cebu.[14]
Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating
the first unified political structure known as the Philippines.
Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity,
the code of law and the oldest modern university in Asia.

The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico-based

Viceroyalty of New Spain. After which, the colony was
directly governed by Spain. Spanish rule ended in 1898 with
Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War. The
Philippines then became a territory of the United States. U.S
forces suppressed a Philippine Revolution led by Emilio
Aguinaldo.
• The United States established the Insular
Government to rule the Philippines. In
1907, the elected Philippine Assembly was
set up with popular elections. The U.S.
promised independence in the Jones Act.
The Philippine Commonwealth was
established in 1935, as a 10-year interim
step prior to full independence. However, in
1942 during World War II, Japan occupied
the Philippines. The U.S. military
overpowered the Japanese in 1945. The
Treaty of Manila in 1946 established an
independent Philippine Republic.
THE END