CULTURAL VARIATIONS &

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES ON
ETHNICITY & RELIGION

UCSP - LESSON 2
“ Being part of a culture in a way makes us
integrated with other people whom we share the
same culture. However, identification in one also
determines our differences from other cultures. “
ETHNICIT
Y
Ethnicity refers to a group of people,
also called the ethnic group, who have
a common or shared culture, language,
history, religion, and tradition. Here,
people are divided into groups based
on different social factors. Examples:
Filipinos, Malays, Anglo-Saxons, and
Muslims.
 RACE
Race refers to a group of people that shares
the same physical attributes, such as skin
color, height, and facial features. People are
grouped into different races based on their
physical appearance. Human beings are
classified into three major races-
−Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid. These
classifications are based on the color of the
skin, the shape of the face and eyes, texture
of the hair, and other prominent physical
features
CAUCOSOID
01
SKIN COLOR:

Fair

02
HAIR:

Light colored & wavy

03
EYES:

Round

04
OTHERS

High nose bridge

05
ORIGIN

Americas & Europe

MONGOLOID
01
SKIN COLOR:

Yellowish

02
HAIR:

Straight black

03
EYES:

Almond-shape

04
OTHERS

Low to medium nose bridge

05
ORIGIN

Asia
NEGROID
01
SKIN COLOR:

Dark

02
HAIR:

Curly: Black

03
EYES:

Large round

04
OTHERS

Low nose bridge

05
ORIGIN

Africa
 ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is undeniably a diverse country as it is home for more
than a hundred ethnic or ethnolinguistic groups (i.e. ethnic groups with
their own language). These groups possess different combinations of
cultural characteristics, traditions, and practices. There are more than
180 ethnic or ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, which are based
on the language each group uses.
EIGHT (8) ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUP IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1. Ilokano
2. Kapampangan
3. Pangasinense
4. Bikolano
5. Tagalog
6. Ilonggo
7. Cebuano
8. Waray
RELIGION
Religion can be defined as a set
of practices and behaviors that
relate to a group of people's
beliefs in a god or a group of
gods
 RELIGIONS IN THE
The PhilippinesPHILIPPINES
is a secular country, which means that the
government does not prescribe a specific set of activities or laws based
on religion. A citizen's right to choose his or her own religion is protected
by the Philippine Constitution. In the Philippines, the majority of the
population are Christians, with a certain portion of the population
practicing Islam, particularly in the southern part of the country.
Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism are also practiced by a small number
of inhabitants in the archipelago. Different religions are being practiced
in Philippine society today. This variation in religion is a product of the
evolution of Philippine society across time.
01

PREJUDICES & STEREOTYPING

Each ethnic group may develop prejudice and stereotypes about other ethnic
groups. Prejudices are faulty generalizations about an entire group of people that
is based on little or no evidence. Stereotypes are oversimplified assumptions that
describe a whole ethnic group.
02

RACISM
Racism is the discrimination or prejudice based on one’s race.
Example: In the 1970’s, white Americans (Caucasoids) discriminated
black Americans (Negroids) who were descendants of immigrants from
African Countries.
03

ETHNOCENTRISM
Ethnocentrism is the discrimination and prejudice on one’s
culture. It is a belief that one’s own culture is better than the
other.
04

GENOCIDE
Genocide is the elimination of group of people from the same race, ethnic group,
religion or nation. It is an extreme action against people from another ethnicity
or race. Example: The elimination of the Jews by German Soldiers led by Adolf
Hitler during the World War II.
04
ETHNIC
CLEANSING
Ethnic Cleansing is the harassment, rape, or forced migration of an ethnic group
to banish them from a certain area or territory. Example: In 1994, over 800,000
people from Rwanda, mostly Tutsi minority were slaughtered by ethnic Hutu
Extremists during Rwanda Civil War.