Measures of Central Tendency

Mean,Median and Mode

for grouped Data
Basic Statistics

Lecture 3
 Suppose you have a data set like this:

Q1. 25 households in a locality were surveyed and the no. of people in

each household was noted as under. Calculate the Mean , Mode, & Median,
Quartiles, 6th decile, 80th Percentile.

i) What is the probability that if a household selected at random will

have
a) less than 4 members?
b) more than 5 members?
c) between 3 and 5 members?
DISCRETE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

x freq(f)
1 2
2 2
3 4
4 5
5 8
6 3
7 1
N 25
Calculation of Mean

x freq(f) fx
1 2 2
2 2 4
3 4 12
4 5 20
5 8 40
6 3 18
7 1 7
N= 25 Σfx=103

103
MEAN = x  4.12
25
Calculation of Median

x freq(f) Cu. Freq MEDIAN = It is

1 2 2
2 2 4 the value of x
3 4 8 the N/2th item
4 5 13 will acquire in a
5 8 21 distribution.
6 3 24
7 1 25 In this problem
N= 25 N/2 th item is
12.5th item (the
corresponding
value of x is 4)
so median is 4.
Calculation of Quartiles

x freq(f) Cu. Freq 1st Quartile = It

1 2 2
2 2 4 is the value of x
3 4 8 the N/4th item
4 5 13 will acquire in a
5 8 21 distribution.
6 3 24
7 1 25 In this problem
N= 25 N/4 th item is
6.25th item (the
corresponding
value of x is 3)
so Q1 is 3.
 Calculation of Quartiles

x freq(f) Cu. Freq 2nd Quartile =

1 2 2
2 2 4 It is the value
3 4 8 of x the
4 5 13 2N/4th item
5 8 21 will acquire in a
6 3 24 distribution.
7 1 25
N= 25 In this problem
2N/4 th item is
12.5th item (the
corresponding
value of x is 4)
## Median is the 2nd Quartile (Q2) so Q2 is 4.
Calculation of Quartiles

x freq(f) Cu. Freq 3rd Quartile = It is

1 2 2
2 2 4 the value of x the
3 4 8 3N/4th item will
4 5 13 acquire in a
5 8 21 distribution.
6 3 24
7 1 25 In this problem
N= 25 3N/4 th item is
18.75th item (the
corresponding
value of x is 5) so
Q3 is 5.
Calculation of Deciles

x freq(f) Cu. Freq 6th Decile D6 = It is

1 2 2 the value of x the
2 2 4
3 4 8 (6N/10)th item will
4 5 13 acquire in a
5 8 21 distribution.
6 3 24
7 1 25 In this problem
N= 25 (6N/10)th item is
15th item (the
corresponding
value of x is 5) so
D6 is 5.
Calculation of Percentiles

x freq(f) Cu. Freq 6th Decile P80 = It is

1 2 2 the value of x the
2 2 4
3 4 8 (80N/100)th item
4 5 13 will acquire in a
5 8 21 distribution.
6 3 24
7 1 25 In this problem
N= 25 (80N/100)th item
is 20th item (the
corresponding
value of x is 5) so
P80 is 5.
Calculation of Mode

x Freq(f)
1 2 MODE will be the
corresponding x value
2 2 for which the
3 4 frequency is the
highest.
4 5
5 8 Highest Frequency – 8
. Corresponding x
6 3 value is 5. So, For this
distribution
7 1
MODE = 5
 Calculation of Probability
Relative
frequency=(f/N)
Measure of the
x Freq (f) Probability
1 2 0.08
2 2 0.08
3 4 0.16
4 5 0.2
5 8 0.32
6 3 0.12
7 1 0.04

N= 25

i) P(x<4)= P(x=1)+P(x=2)+P(x=3) = 0.08 + 0.08 + 0.16 = 0.32

ii) P(X>5)= P(x=6) + P(x=7) = 0.12 + 0..04 = 0.16

iii) P(3≤x≤5)= P(x=3)+P(x=4)+P(x=5) = =0.16+0.2+0.32 = 0.68