Polio Virus

Ascaris Lumbricoide
The Nervous System
Enterovirus
Enterovirus genus
Single
in
in length
length
genus in
Single stranded
in family
stranded RNA
family Picornaviridae
RNA with
Picornaviridae
with positive
positive polarity
polarity 3000
3000 amino
amino acids
acids Infections that leave permeate damage
Transmission:
Transmission: Oral Oral spread-Fecal
spread-Fecal
spread
spread through
through water
water andand swimming
swimming pools
pools during
during out
out breaks
breaks
during
during summers
summers
-First
-First replicates
replicates in
in the
the epithelia
epithelia cells
cells and
and results
results in
in the
the
infection
infection of
of tissue
tissue like
like muscles
muscles andand brown
brown fat.
fat.
-1 in 100 infections will lead to invasion of Central nervous
-1 in 100 infections will lead to invasion of Central nervous
system
system and
and leads
leads to
to paralytic
paralytic poliomyelitis
poliomyelitis
Brain
Brain stem
stem or or spinal
spinal cord
cord

Gets
Gets into
into CSN
CSN through
through peripherally
peripherally nervous
nervous system
system and
and
traveling
traveling along
along the the neural
neural pathway
pathway to to CNS.
CNS. Will
Will cause
cause
paralysis
paralysis toto the
the motor
motor neurons
neurons itit infects
infects first.
first.
Invasion
Invasion andand Effect
Effect on on CNS
CNS
Virus
Virus binds
binds toto receptor
receptor (CD155)-facilitated
(CD155)-facilitated process.
process. This
This
binding
binding causes a irreversible confirmation
causes a irreversible confirmation changes
changes in in the
the
virus
virus and endocytosis. The release the genome into the
and endocytosis. The release the genome into the host
host
cell
cell and
and is
is taken
taken up up by
by endocytosis
endocytosis
Virulence
Virulence factors:
factors:
Capsid
Capsid that
that can
can survive
survive in in highly
highly acidic
acidic ways
ways
Replication
Replication very
very quickly
quickly
Lysis cells to escape and therefore destroy
Lysis cells to escape and therefore destroy them them

H. Influenza Type B
Gram
Gram Negative
Negative Coccobacillus
Coccobacillus
Type
Type B
B indicates
indicates serotypes
serotypes encapsulated
encapsulated strain
strain
Hib
Hib present
present in
in mucosal
mucosal membrane
membrane ofof health
health individuals.
individuals.
Transmission
Transmission through
through droplets
droplets
Can
Can cause
cause deadly
deadly meningitis
meningitis or
or pneumonia
pneumonia in
in children
children under
under the
the age
age of
of 5
5
Toxoplasma Gondii Normal
Normal Flora
people
Flora of
people even
even if
of mucosal
mucosal membrane
if they
they are
are not
membrane in
not given
in nasalpharnx
given vaccine.
vaccine.
nasalpharnx of of most
most

Most
Most HIB
HIB lack
lack aa capsule.
capsule. TheThe capsulated
capsulated form form is is much
much more
more
Transmission
Transmission Routes
Routes virulent
virulent because
because evadesevades clearance
clearance from
from thethe immune
immune system
system whilewhile
-Raw meat
-Raw meat oror inadequately
inadequately cooked
cooked that
that is
is infected.
infected. in
in the
the bloodstream.
bloodstream. This This is
is why
why it
it can
can last
last long
long enough
enough to to
-Ingest
-Ingest oocytes by
oocytes by being
being around
around cats
cats feces
feces
-Mothers to unborn fetus
-Mothers to unborn fetus
penetrate
penetrate the the CSN
CSN through
through thethe bloodstream.
bloodstream.
There
There is
is aa lack
lack of
of understanding
understanding of of how
how HIB HIB enters
enters the
the blood
blood
The
The Toxoplasma
Toxoplasma gondii
gondii traverse
traverse the
the intestinal
intestinal or
or placental
placental stream.
stream. Some
Some hypothesis
hypothesis directly
directly though
though epithelia
epithelia tissue
tissue in in aa cut
cut
epithelium as
epithelium as a
a free
free parasite
parasite by
by paraceullular
paraceullular transmigration.
transmigration.
They
They can enters macrophages or dendrite cells through toll-like
can enters macrophages or dendrite cells through toll-like
or
or abrasion.
abrasion. The The capsulated
capsulated HIB HIB are
are much
much less less likely
likely to
to be
be
receptors.
receptors. They
They use
use these
these cells
cells to
to moves
moves throughout
throughout thethe body.
body. engulfed
engulfed by by cells
cells than
than non-capsulated
non-capsulated form form due due toto the
the lower
lower
-Then they have a high affinity for neurons as well as
-Then they have a high affinity for neurons as well as ocular ocular
number
number of of surface
surface proteins
proteins available
available to
to bind.
bind.
tissue. Cysts
tissue. Cysts with
with larvae
larvae are
are formed
formed inin these
these cells
cells
Effects When
When inin the
the blood,
blood, HIBHIB doubles
doubles rapidly.
rapidly. Doubling
Doubling time time isis around
around
Effects on
on Nervous
Nervous system:
system: 50
-Latent
-Latent forms:
forms: usually
usually disrupters
disrupters of
of cysts
cysts and
and proliferation
proliferation of
of 50 minutes.
minutes. Research
Research suggests
suggests that
that one
one to to two
two bacteria
bacteria in in the
the
tachzoites
tachzoites blood
blood stream
stream can can bebe enough
enough to to cause
cause infection
infection of of CNS.
CNS. TheThe
Chronic
Chronic infections
infections of
of the
the protozoan
protozoan leads
leads to
to tissue
tissue remodeling
remodeling in in number
the number and and duration
duration thatthat the
the bacteria
bacteria is is in
in the
the blood
blood stream
stream is is
the brain
brain and
and a a continuous
continuous requirement.
requirement.
Tissues around the area send out signals to inhibit or
Tissues around the area send out signals to inhibit or attractingattracting the
the mediating
mediating factor
factor inin the
the bacteria’s
bacteria’s entry
entry into into the
the CNS
CNS
both
both T-cells
T-cells coming
coming in
in and
and out.
out. The
The CNS
CNS infection
infection is is believed
believed toto occur
occur inin the choroid
the choroid plexus,
plexus,
Causes
Causes associated
associated with
with Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia and
and mental
mental retardation,
retardation, where
delusions, where blood
blood is is filtered
filtered toto become
become cerebrospinal
cerebrospinal fluid, fluid, is
is the
the site
site
delusions, hydrocephaly
hydrocephaly or or microcephyaly
microcephyaly
It
It is related to immune response, brain development, and
is related to immune response, brain development, and
of
of entry
entry into
into the
the CNS.
CNS.
response
response to to other
other infectious
infectious agent.
agent.