12th

Pancasila as the basis for

the development of
science
By :
Naufal Hariz L200204242
Agil Hilman Sulaiman L200204241
Naufal Dzakia Raiffaza L200204248
Motwkel Mhmoud Mohmed adam L200184220
 Contents of this Presentation
1. Introduction about Pancasila as the basis of science
2. Science in historical perspective
3. Important aspects of science
4. The pillars of support for the existence of science
5. Principles of scientific thinking
6. The problem of value in science and technology
7. Pancasila as the Value Basis in the Strategy for the
Development of Science and Technology
“If you can't stand the fatigue of studying
then you have to be able to endure the pain
of stupidty”
—Imam Syafi’i
 01
Introduction
Pancasila
 Introduction
● The fact that we are witnessing at this time the empirical sciences has a central place in
human life because with the modern technology it has developed it can meet the practical
needs of human life.
● Technology has penetrated various fields of human life extensively and affects the joints of
human life intensively, including changing the mindset and culture of humans, even almost
shaking the existence of human nature itself (Iriyanto, 2005).
● From here, scientific problems can be immediately anticipated by formulating a basic value
framework for the development of science. The basic framework of this value must describe
a system of philosophy of life that is used as a principle of community life, which is rooted
and entrenched in people's lives Indonesia, namely the values of Pancasila.
Early progressivism

It was initiated in response to the rapid

industrialization that had taken hold in
much of the country since the Civil War,
which made the country, as a whole, richer
02
Science In Historical
Prespective
Pancasila
 Timeline about Science
6th century BCE-6CE 5th century BC 18th-19th century AD

Ancient Greece Middle Ages Modern Century

 Historical
● Science develops step by step according to decades of time and creates its era, starting from
Ancient Greece, Middle Ages, Modern Ages, to Contemporary Ages.
● After the demythologizing movement pioneered by the pre-Socratic philosophers emerged,
namely with the ability of rationality, philosophy has reached the peak of development, as
shown by the great trio of philosophers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle divides
science into political science (applied), practical science (ethics, politics) and theoretical
science.
● Entering the Middle Ages (5th century AD), after Aristotle, Ancient Greek philosophy
became a praxis, even mystical teaching, as taught by the Stoics, Epicuri, and Plotinus. At
the same time, the presence of Arab philosophers is no less important, such as: Al Kindi, Al
Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, Al Gazali, who have spread Aristotelian philosophy by bringing
it to Cordova (Spain) to be later inherited by the Western world through the Patristic and the
Scholastics.
Continue
● The Modern Age emerged (18th-19th century AD) pioneered by the Renaissance movement
in the 15th century and matured by the Aufklaerung movement in the 18th century, through
its revolutionary steps, philosophy entered a new or modern stage. The revolutionary
pioneers that have been carried out by Renaissance and Aufklaerung children such as:
Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Kepler, Descartes and Immanuel Kant, have had implications
● In subsequent developments philosophy was abandoned by branches of science, each of
which developed its specialization intensively with its own methodology. And the characters
include:
○ Copernicus (1473-1543) with his astronomical value of the rotation of the celestial
bodies.
○ Versalius (1514 -1564) with the book De Humani Corporis Fabrica has given rise to
perceptions in the fields of anatomy and biology.
○ Isaac Newtown (1642-1727) through his Philosopie Naturalis Principia Mathematica
contributed the definitive form to classical mechanics.
Continue
● The Modern Age emerged (18th-19th century AD) pioneered by the Renaissance movement
in the 15th century and matured by the Aufklaerung movement in the 18th century, through
its revolutionary steps, philosophy entered a new or modern stage. The revolutionary
pioneers that have been carried out by Renaissance and Aufklaerung children such as:
Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Kepler, Descartes and Immanuel Kant, have had implications
● In subsequent developments philosophy was abandoned by branches of science, each of
which developed its specialization intensively with its own methodology. And the characters
include:
○ Copernicus (1473-1543) with his astronomical value of the rotation of the celestial
bodies.
○ Versalius (1514 -1564) with the book De Humani Corporis Fabrica has given rise to
perceptions in the fields of anatomy and biology.
○ Isaac Newtown (1642-1727) through his Philosopie Naturalis Principia Mathematica
contributed the definitive form to classical mechanics.
Continue
● In its substantive position, science and technology has touched all aspects and aspects of life
extensively, and in turn has intensively changed human culture.
The phenomenon of these changes in our adult society is undergoing a simultaneous
transition period, namely:
● The transition period from a traditional agrarian culture to a society with a
modern industrial culture.
● The transition period of ethnic-regional culture to national national culture.
● The transition period of national-national culture to global-mondial culture.
Vision, orientation, and perception of universal values.

● The implications of globalization also show the development of the same standardization in
life in various fields. Any country or government, regardless of the ideological or social
system it belongs to.
 03
Important Aspect of Science
 Aspect of Science
● As a society, science manifests itself as a society or elite group which in their daily life adheres
to scientific principles which according to Merton's paradigm are called universalism,
communalism, and skepticism which are organized and directed.
● The construction aspect shows that science contains the following elements :
○ The target is the object to be known (Gegenstand).
○ This target object is constantly questioned in a certain way (method) without knowing a
stopping point.
○ There are reasons and motivations why gegenstand is continuous questionable.
○ The answers obtained are then arranged in a unified system (Koento Wibisono, 1985).
● With this Renaissance and Aufklaerung, the mentality of Western people believes in the ability
of reason which makes them optimistic, that everything can be known, predicted, and
controlled. Finally, it is undeniable that science and technology have a substantive position in
human life today.
 The pillars of
04 support for the
existence of science
 Pillar of Support:
Through Einstein's theory of relativity, the paradigm of the truth of science has now
changed from the old paradigm, the current paradigm of science is not an eternal entity. The
strength of the building of science lies in a number of pillars, namely the pillars of ontology,
epistemology, and axiology.

● Pillar of Ontology
Always concerning the problem of existence such as aspects of quantity and quality
aspects. Ontological experiences can provide a basis for the formation of assumptions,
theoretical foundations, and help create interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary
communication.

● Pillar of Epistemology
It always involves problems about the source of knowledge, the source of truth, how
to obtain the truth, criteria for truth, processes, means, the basics of truth, systems,
procedures, strategies.
 ● Pillar of Axiology
It always related to the problem of
value considerations (ethical, moral,
religious) in every discovery,
application or development of
science.

The foundation for developing science

imperatively refers to the three
philosophical pillars of science which are
integrative and prerequisite. The
following is an illustration in chart 1.

Chart 1. The Foundation of Science Development

 Principles of
scientific thinking 05
 Principles:

● Objective: A way of viewing the problem for what it is, regardless of subjective factors
● Rationale: Using common sense that can be understood and accepted by others.
● Logical: Thinking using logical/coherent/consistent, implicative principles. Does not
contain elements of contradictory thinking.
● Methodological: Always use distinctive scientific methods and methods in every
thought and action.
● Systematic: Every way of thinking and acting uses clear priority steps that are
interrelated.
 06
The problem of value in
science and technology
● The multiplicity of science and its problems
One of the greatest difficulties facing mankind today is the multiplicity of
knowledge itself. Methodically and systematically, humans look for principles as a
basis for understanding the relationship between symptoms with one another so that it
can be determined the existence of diversity in its diversity. However, in its
development, science is developing towards the multiplicity of knowledge, such as the
emergence of specialization in a branch of science which has many negative aspects.
Specialization contains positive aspects, but can also lead to negative aspects, for
example, the habit of focusing and intensive work that causes scientists to not
cooperate and appreciate other knowledge. A specialist can be in danger of
withdrawing his knowledge from his scientific family or even from the map of
knowledge considers his knowledge autonomous and most complete.
● The moral dimension in the development and application of science
Recently, much attention has been paid to the ethical aspects of the application
of science and technology its most tangible form at this time is technology, nowadays
it becomes evident that the limitations of science are facing problems involving life
and the human person.
The impact of technology on human behavior appears in the phenomenon of the
application of behavioral control. The development of technology that regulates
human behavior has resulted in the emergence of ethical problems such as Human
freedom of action as a value is on the verge of extinction due to the invention of
technology that regulates behavior
● Some points of value that need to be considered in the development
of science and technology
There are four main things so that science and technology are developed
concretely, elements which should not be violated in the development of science and
technology in society so that society remains human.
a. The formulation of human rights is a legal means to ensure respect for humans.
Individuals need to be protected from the oppressive influence of science.
b. Justice in the social, political, and economic fields is absolute. The
implementation of justice must give every individual an equal opportunity to
exercise their rights.
c. Environmental issues. No one has the right to deplete/exploit natural and human
resources without regard to the consequences.
d. Human value as a person. If the development of science and technology is
humane, attention to the value of humans as individuals must not be defeated by
machines. This is important because the technocratic system tends to
dehumanize.
07
Pancasila as the Value Basis in
the Strategy for the
Development of Science and
Technology
 Because the development of science
and technology results always leads to
human life, it is necessary to consider an
imperative strategy by placing Pancasila as
the value base for the development of
science and technology in Indonesia. In the
context of Pancasila as the basis of values it
contains ontological, epistemological and
axiological dimensions. The illustration can
be seen in chart 2 below.

Chart 2. Strategy for the Development of Pancasila

Science and Technology as a Value Basis
 ● The role of each precept in Pancasila in the development of science
and technology is as follows:
a. First Precept: Completing knowledge creates a balance between the rational and
the irrational, between taste and reason.
b. Second Percept: Memberi arah dan mengendalikan ilmu pengetahuan.
c. The third precept: Complements universalism in the other precepts, so that the
supra-system does not ignore the system and subsystems.
d. The fourth precept: Is to balance the autodynamics of science and technology as
they evolve independently.
e. The fifth precept: Maintain a balance between individual and community
interests
The development of science and technology must always be oriented to the values of
Pancasila.The role of Pancasila as a scientific development paradigm must come to the
realization that fanaticism of the rules of scientific neutrality or scientific independence will
only trap a person in problems that cannot be overcome by merely adhering to the rules of
science itself.
Thanks