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BIOKATALIS
Biokatalisis
• Enzim
• Non Enzim (Antibody Enzyme, Abzyme)
• The concept that antibodies may catalyze
chemical reactions was first proposed by
Linus Pauling in the 40's. He suggested that an
enzyme lowers the energy barriers of a reaction
by stabilizing preferentially the transition state of
the substrate during the reaction rather than the
substrate in its ground state.
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ABZIM
• Abzyme (catalytic antibody). Abzymes are antibodies
with variable regions possessing enzymatic activity.
• Naturally occurring abzymes have been observed in
normal individuals (Eg., anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide
autoantibodies) and individuals with autoimmune
problems (Eg. DNAse abzymes in systemic lupus
erythematosus).
• Also, a number of "artificial enzymes" or "designer
abzymes" are being developed with any desired enzyme
activity and specificity. There are two approaches used
to develop the artificial abzyme: (a) produce antibodies
against a stabilized transitional state or (b) use molecular
biology and sitedirected mutagenesis.
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Schematic representation of an Antibody
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The anti-idiotypic approach: from enzymes to abzymes
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Industrial and medical applications
Protein Aktif
2. TRANSFERASE
Reaksi umum : AX + B BX + A
Contoh Metilmalonil-CoA : piruvat karboksil
transferase (E.C.2.1.3.1), nama trivial metilmalonil-CoA
karboksiltransferase
3. HIDROLASE
Reaksi umum : A-X + H2O X-OH + HA
Contoh Ortofosforat monoester fosfohidrolase
(E.C.3.1.3.1), nama trivial alkalin fosfatase.
4. LIASE
Contoh L-Histidin karboksi-liase (E.C.4.1.1.22), nama
trivial Histidin dekarboksilase.
5. ISOMERASE
Contoh Alanin rasemase (E.C.5.1.1.1)
L-Alanin D-Alanin
6. LIGASE
Reaksi umum : X + Y + ATP X-Y + ADP + Pi
atau X + Y + ATP X-Y + AMP +
PPi
Contoh L-Glutamat : amonia ligase (E.C.6.3.1.2), nama
trivial glutamin sintase.