The Midline Theorem

Theorem 5. The segment

that joins the midpoints
of the two sides of a
triangle is parallel to the
third side and half as
long.
 S

T• •E

N U

In Δ SUN, T is the midpoint of

and E is the midpoint of

TE = ½ NU
Consider ∆ABC with G and E as midpoints B

of and respectively.
10 cm
1. If AB = 20 cm, then AG = _____ G E

21 cm
2. If BE = 10.5 cm, then BC = _____ A C

3. What do you call ? midline

4. How are and related? //
5. What do you think is the length of in relation to
the length of ? Translate this relationship into
an equation. GE = ½ AC
8.5 cm
6. If AC = 17 cm, then GE = _______
14.6 cm
7. If GE = 7.3 cm, then AC = _______
8.) Given: RS = 3x - 1
YU = 9x - 14 Y U
Find: x , RS and YU
Solution:
RS = ½ YU RS = 3x – 1 R S
3x - 1 = ½ (9x - 14) = 3(4) – 1
6x - 2 = 9x – 14 RS = 11
YU = 9x – 14
- 2 + 14 = 9x – 6x = 9(4) – 14 O
3x = 12 RS = 22
x=4 Solution: RY = 7y - 21
9.) Given: RO = 3y + 3 RY = RO = 7(6) - 21
7y - 21 = 3y +3 RY = 42 – 21
RY = 7y – 21 7y – 3y = 3 + 21 RY = 21
4y = 24
Find: y and RY y=6
 base (b₁)
L I - a quadrilateral
with exactly one
leg leg pair of parallel
sides

E N
𝑳𝑰 /¿ 𝑬𝑵
base (b₂)
Bases – are the
base (b₁) parallel sides
L I

leg leg Legs – are the

non-parallel
sides
E N
base (b₂)
The Midsegment Theorem
of Trapezoid

Theorem 6. The median of a

trapezoid is parallel to each
base and its length is one-half
the sum of the lengths of the
bases.
 b₁ = 2m - b₂

T b₁ R

median (m)
G • • O
m = ½ (b₁ + b₂)

P A
b₂
b₂ = 2m – b₁
Consider ‫ ﬦ‬LINE with X
L I
and Y as midpoints of and
respectively.
X Y
Identify the following:
1. bases and
E N
2. legs and

3. median
4. If LE = 19 cm, then XE = ______
9.5 cm

5. If IY = 10.6 cm, then IN = 21.2

______
cm
Consider ‫ ﬦ‬LINE with X and Y
as midpoints of and L I
respectively.

6. If LI = 15 cm and EN = 17 cm, X Y
16 cm
then XY = _______
E N
7. If XY = 25 cm and LI = 17 cm,
33 cm
then EN = _______
8. If XY = 19 cm and EN = 23 cm.
15 cm
then LI = _______
9. Given: LI = 3y – 2 ,
L I
EN = 2y + 4 and
XY = 8.5
X Y

Solution: E N
y LI
Find:XY = ½, (LI +and
EN)EN
8.5 = ½ (3y - 2 + 2y + 4 ) LI = 3y - 2
2(8.5) = 5y +2 = 3(3) - 2
5y + 2 = 17 LI = 7
5y = 17 - 2
5y = 15 EN = 2y + 4
y=3 = 2(3) + 4
EN = 10
 G base (b₁) N

leg median (m) leg

X • • Y

A I
base (b₂)
b₁ //m// b₂
m = ½ (b₁ + b₂)
Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid

Theorem 7:
The base angles of an isosceles
trapezoid are congruent.

mG = mN G N
G N
mA = mI
A I
A I
 Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid

Theorem 8:
Opposite angles of an isosceles
trapezoid are supplementary.

mG + mI = 180 G N
mA + mN = 180

A I
Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid

Theorem 9:
The diagonals of an isosceles
trapezoid are congruent.

G N
GI = NA

A I
Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid

Theorem 7. The base angles of

an isosceles trapezoid are
congruent.
Theorem 8. Opposite angles of
an isosceles trapezoid are
supplementary.
Theorem 9. The diagonals of
an isosceles trapezoid are
congruent.
EXERCISES: M A
Quadrilateral MATH is
an isosceles trapezoid
with bases MA and HT. H T

1. Given: mHMA = 115

Questions:
 What is mTAM?
 What theorem justifies your
answer?
2. Given: mMHT = 2x – 5 ; M A

mMAT = 3x + 10
Questions:
H T
 What is the value of x?
 How did you solve for x? 
 What are the measures of the two
angles?
 What theorem justifies your answer?
 M A
3. Given: AH = 4y – 3;
MT = 2y + 5
Questions: H T
 What is the value of y?
 How did you solve for y? 
 How long is each diagonal? 
 What theorem justifies your
answer?
 A kite is a
quadrilateral
KITE with two pairs
of congruent
and adjacent
sides.
 U

C T
X

The diagonals are perpendicular

bisectors of each other.

If CT = 10 cm and UE = 12 cm,
then CX = TX = 5cm and UX = EX = 6cm
 
 Theorems on Kite
Theorem 10:
In a kite, the
perpendicular bisector
of at least one diagonal
is the other diagonal.
 Area of ∆CUT

Area of Area of Area of ∆CUT

+
Area of ∆CET
AREA of kite CUTE
∆CUT ∆CET += =
= = Area ofof∆CET
AREA kite
CUTE
30 cm2 30 cm2 60 cm2 60cm2

U U

CT = 10 cm C X T C d₂ X T

UE = 12 cm d₁
 
E E
Theorem 11:
The area of a
kite is half the product
of the lengths of its
diagonals.
𝒅𝟏 𝒅 𝟐
𝑨 ◊=
𝟐
EXERCISES: Y

Quadrilateral PLAY is a kite. 3

P
1
1. Given: PA = 12 cm; LY = 6 cm S 2
Questions: A
- What is the area of kite PLAY? L

- How did you solve for its area?

- What theorem justifies your answer?

2. Given: Area of kite PLAY = 135 cm², Y PA =
30 cm
3
Questions: P
1
-How long is LY? S 2
- How did you solve for LY? A
- What theorem justifies your answer? L

- How long is LS?

- How did you solve for LS?
- How will you justify your answer?
 Y
3. Given: m∡2 = 25
3
Questions: P
1
- What is m∡1? S 2
- What theorem justifies A
your answer? L
- What is m∡3?
- How did you solve for m∡3?