LEVEL LADDER ON CONGRUENCE AND CONSTRUCTION

GRADE VIII

A. Student Learning: Altitude, Median, Angle Bisector

Related Questions

A1. Use these GeoGebra applets to answer the following questions.

https://www.geogebra.org/m/MEnQDK3V#material/ccBjUPJH
https://www.geogebra.org/m/MEnQDK3V#material/q9d2yqyw

Which of the following is false? Justify.

a. A triangle can never have a median outside the triangle.
b. A triangle can sometimes have a median outside the triangle.
c. A triangle can sometimes have an altitude outside the triangle.
d. One of the sides of the triangle can also be an altitude of a triangle.

B. Student Learning: I can understand the meaning of congruence + correspondence

Related Questions
B1. Identify the pairs of congruent triangles in this diagram. Use congruence symbol notation,
with the corresponding vertices in the correct order.
B2. If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹, then fill in the blanks:

a. 𝐴𝐵 = ________ d. ∠𝐴 = _______

b. 𝐶𝐵 = ________ e. ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = _______

c. 𝐷𝐹 = ________ f. ∠𝐹 = _______

B3. If ∆𝐶𝐴𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹, then which of the following is not true?
a. AC = DE b. AB = EF c. ∠A = ∠D d. ∠C = ∠E

B4. In the given figures, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑄𝑅𝑃, then fill in the following blanks:

a. 𝐴𝐶 = ___________ b. 𝐴𝐵 = ____________

c. The side opposite the right angle in d. Will 𝐶𝐵 = 𝑄𝑅? Why?

each triangle are:
____________ and _____________

e. ∠𝑄 = ____________ f. ∠𝐵 = ___________

B5. If ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ≅ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹, which of the following are true?

a. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑃𝑄, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑃𝑅
b. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅
c. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑄𝑅, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅
d. All of these

B6. Given that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐵𝐷, find the values of 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧.

C. Student Learning: I can understand and apply SSS criteria for Constructions and Congruence
Related Questions
C1. By applying the SSS congruence rule, state which pairs of triangles are congruent? In case of
congruent triangles, write the congruence statement in symbolic form:

C2. Identify the congruent triangles and write their congruence statement:

C3. Observe the following figure and fill in the blanks:

In ∆𝑀𝑁𝑃 and ∆𝑀𝑁𝑄

Equivalence Statement Reasons

a. 𝑀𝑃 = ______________________ (__________________________________)

b. 𝑁𝑃 = ______________________ (__________________________________)

c. 𝑀𝑁 = 𝑀𝑁 (__________________________________)

d. ∴ ∆𝑀𝑁𝑃 ≅ ∆𝑀𝑁𝑄 (__________________________________)

C4. ABCD is a rectangle with 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶. Find the congruent triangles with
appropriate reasoning and write the congruence statement.

C5. Observe the following figure;

∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an isosceles triangle, with 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶

a. CD is the median of AB. Then 𝐴𝐷 =___________

b. Prove that ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐷𝐶.

D. Student Learning: SAS construction and congruence

Related Questions
D1. By applying SAS congruence rule, you want to establish that ∆PQR ≅∆FED. It is given that
𝑃𝑄 = 𝐹𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑃 = 𝐷𝐹. What additional information is needed to establish the
congruence?

D2. Which of the following triangles are definitely congruent? Give a reason for your answer.

D3. Which of the following is congruent to the triangle shown?

D4. By applying SAS congruence rule, state the pairs of congruent triangles, in each case. In
case of congruent triangles, write them in symbolic form.

D5. Observe the following figure and fill in the blanks:

In ∆𝑀𝑁𝑃 and ∆𝑀𝑁𝑄

Equivalence Statement Reasons

a. 𝑀𝑃 = ______________________ (__________________________________)

b. 𝑁𝑃 = ______________________ (__________________________________)

c. 𝑀𝑁 = 𝑀𝑁 (__________________________________)

d. ∴ ∆𝑀𝑁𝑃 ≅ ∆𝑀𝑁𝑄 (__________________________________)

D6. AC and BD bisect each other at E. Then in ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 and ∆𝐶𝐸𝐷;

a. 𝐴𝐸 =____________

b. 𝐵𝐸 =____________

c. Write with appropriate reasoning, the third pair of corresponding parts that will help
you prove congruency of the two triangles.

d. Which of the following statements are true?

i. ∆𝐴𝐸𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶
ii. ∆𝐴𝐸𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐸𝐷

D7. AB = AC and AD is the bisector of ∠BAC.

a. State three pairs of equal parts in triangles ADB and ADC.
b. Is ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC? Give reasons.
c. Is ∠B = ∠C? Give reasons.

E. Student Learning: I can understand and apply ASA construction and congruence
Related Questions

E1. You want to establish ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 ≅ ∆𝑀𝑁𝑃, using the ASA congruence rule. You are given that
∠𝐷 = ∠𝑀 and ∠𝐹 = ∠𝑃. What information is needed to establish the congruence? (Draw a
rough figure and then try!)

E2. By applying ASA congruence rule, it is to be established that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑄𝑅𝑃 and it is given
that 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑅𝑃. What additional information is needed to establish the congruence?

E3. Prove that ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑇𝑅. Give appropriate reasoning.

E4. 𝐴𝐸 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 ∠𝐴, as well as, ∠𝐶.

a. Mark the equal pair of angles in both the triangles.

b. Identify a pair of congruent triangles in the figure given below with appropriate
reasoning.

E5. PS is the bisector of ∠P and PQ = PR. Then ∆PRS and ∆PQS are congruent by the criterion:

a. SAS b. SSS c. ASA d. both (a) and (c)

E6.
a. If you have given values of two angles of a triangle, can you find the third angle?
Yes/No
b. What is the value of ∠𝐶 and ∠𝑅?

c. Are ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅? Why?

d. Is it therefore possible for all cases that if two angles and non-included side for a
triangle correspond to another triangle’s, then the two triangles will be congruent?
e. What name will you give to this congruence criterion?

E7. Neesa says ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷 because of ASA congruency. She also says ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ≇ ∆𝑍𝑌𝑋
because it doesn’t follow ASA congruency because given equal sides are not the included ones.
Is she completely correct / partially correct / completely incorrect? Explain.
F. Student Learning: I can understand and apply SSA construction and test its validity as a congruence criterion
Related Questions
F1. Construct a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 such that 𝐴𝐵 = 13 𝑐𝑚, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 31° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 = 8 𝑐𝑚. Comment on the
triangle you constructed and discuss with your teacher.

F2. Are ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹? Why or why not?

G. Student Learning: I can understand and apply RHS construction and congruence
Related Questions

G1. In the following triangles, we have the following information:

• The right angles are ∠𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑇.
• ∆𝐷𝐼𝑆 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑅𝐸

Label the vertices appropriately as per information given above.

G2. In the following figure, identify the two congruent triangles with appropriate reasoning.

G3. In the following figure, identify the two congruent triangles with appropriate reasoning.
G4. Observe the following figure, and if the triangles are congruent, pick the correct
congruence statement:

a. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹
b. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷
c. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐷𝐸
d. The triangles are not congruent.

H. Student Learning: I understand that corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal
H1. Observe the figure given below:

a. Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑄𝑅.

b. Find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦.

H2. Observe the following figure

a. Prove that ∆𝑇𝑅𝑉 ≅ ∆𝑄𝑅𝑆

b. Fill in the blanks
𝑇𝑅 = ______
𝑉𝑅 = ______
What can you conclude the above statements?
H3. In the following figure, AD bisects BC and 𝐴𝐷 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶

a. Prove that∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷.

b. Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an isosceles triangle.
H4. If ∠𝑃 = ∠𝑀 = 90𝑜 and R is the mid-point of PM,

a. Prove that ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ≅ ∆𝑀𝑁𝑅

b. Find the value of x. Give a reason for your

answer.

I. Student Learning: I can understand and apply all construction and congruence criteria
11. Which triangles are congruent to △ABC? Select all that apply.

I2. Your cousin says that △JKL ≅ △LMJ by the SSS Congruence. Your friend says that △JKL ≅
△LMJ by the RHS Congruence. And you say that △JKL ≅△LMJ by SAS
Congruence. Who is correct? Explain your reasoning.