JASMINE

Jasmine
 Taxonomic name Jasmin is a genus of shrubs and vines in
the olive family (oleaceae).

 It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm

temperate regions of the Australia, Eurasia and Oceania.

 Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic

fragrance of their flowers.
Introduction
 Jasmine- It is a national flower of Pakistan.

 Sub-continent is his home town.

 In Pakistan dozens of its species are grown.

 It is popular due to its sweet scent.

 It is used in garlands, extraction for perfumes and famous in

ladies, they wear its ornaments as a tradition on wrists, ears
and over hair in evenings.
Scientific classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Order - Lamiales
 Family - oleaceae
 Tribe - Jasmineae
 Genus - Jasminum L.
 Type of species - Jasminum officinale L.
Species
 Jasmin have more 200 , some selected species include:

 J. humile L. Italian jasmine, Italian yellow jasmine.

 J. adenophyllum wall. Bluegrap jasmine, pinwheel
jasmine, Princess jasmine.
 J. mesnyi Hance – Japanese jasmine, Prim rose jasmine,
yellow jasmine.
 J. auriculatum Vahl – Indian jasmine, needle flower
jasmine.
 J. sambac (L) Aiton – Arabian jasmine, Sambac jasmine.
 Jasmine comprising 200 species consisting of climbers,
traillings, shrubs which are hardly and easy cultivate in
well drained places, tropical and sub-tropical areas.

 In 1560 AD a Spanish navigator took few species to

Europe, where they flourished and become very
popular.

 It is propagated in ordinary soil by cuttings and

layerings.
  
Species
 The following species are commonly grown in
Pakistan.

 Jasminum grandiflorum ( Local Name- Chambeli)

National flower of Pakistan.

 The flowers are single white petals with reddish tint

on fringes.

 It is climber in nature and can be trained on Pergola.

 It flowers from September to December and propagated
by layering and cuttings.
 It is found Margalla hills.

 J. officinale (White Chambeli) The fragrant of white

flowers have no red tint on the petals. Propagated same
as Chambeli.

 J. sambac ( Motia/Bela) It is an elephant bush with

white sweet scented double flowering profusely during
the rainy season.
 It is commonly used for making garlands and it is
traditional in the sub-continent to put flower on
beds at night.

 Itis propagated by soft cutting during warm rainy

season.

 Itis normally planted on the back yard of the

houses because after blossoming the look of the
plant is not attractive specially during winter.
 J. sambac florapleno ( Mogra) The creamish white
double fragrant compact flowers are bigger than Motia
flowers.
 The dwarf shrub loves semi sunny position and easily
propagated by cuttings.
 This flower is not fit for garlands.
 J. pubescens ( Dela or Kunj) The tall shruby in nature
plant gives white flowers from winter to spring season.

 It is used in garlands and propagated by layering.

Description
 Jasmines can be either deciduous or evergreen and can be
errect, spreading or climbing shrubs and vines.
 They are white or yellow in colour although in rare
instances they can be slightly reddish.
 They have two stamins with very short filaments.
 The calyx is bell shaped. They are usually very fragrant.
 The fruits of jasmines are berries that turn black when
ripe.
 Jasmines are native to tropical and sub tropical regions.
 Their centre of diversity is in south Asia.
Uses
 Widely cultivated for its flowers, Jasmine is enjoyed in the
garden, as a house plant and as cut flowers.

 The flowers are worn by women in their hair in southern

and south east Asia.
Cultivation
 Jasmine is one of the oldest flowers cultivated by man.

 The flower is used for varous purposes viz making

garlands, bouquet, decorating hair of women, religious
offering, etc. Jasmine is also known as “Queen of the
Night”, because of its heady fragrance.
Climate and soil
 Jasmine can be cultivated in wide range of soils i.e from
sandy loam to clay soils.

 However, it comes up well in well drained rich sandy

loam soils.

 The ideal conditions for successful cultivation are warm

summer with ample water supply and sunny days.
Varieties.
 The species- wise recommended varieties are:

 Gundumalli (Jasminum sabac), Co-1 and Co-2 (J.

auriculatum), Co-1 and Co-2 (J. grandiflorum).
Land Preparation and Planting
 One or two initial ploughing are required to remove the
weeds present in the land.
 Which is followed by digging of pits at a size of 30 cu, m.
 Each pit should be applied 10 kg of FYM before filling
the pits.
 Planting should be done during june and November at a
spacing of 1.5 x 1.5 m.
 Rooted cuttings are used as a planting material.
Irrigation
 First irrigation should be given immediately after planting
and subsequent irrigation at an interval of 7-10 days
depending upon the weather conditions and soil type.
Manuring
 It is recommended that each plant should be applied with
10 kg of FYM and 60 g of N and 120 g each phasphorus
and potassium and they should be in two split doses i.e
once after annual pruning and again during june- july.
Interculturing
 The first weeding should be done 20-25 days after
planting and subsequent weeding are done once in 2-3
months.
Pruning
 Training is basically done to give the desired shape to the
plant whereas, pruning is done to get the desired crop.

 Normally, irrigation is withheld prior to pruning and

plants are pruned by removing all past season shoots
including dead and diseased branches.

 It is adviseable to prune the plants during the last week of

November to get increased yield and quality flowers.
Harvesting
 Flowering commences after six months of planting.

 Fully developed unopened flower buds should be picked

in the early morning i.e before sun rise.

 Flowering commences in March- April

Yield
 Commercial yields are obtained after six months of
planting.
 Yields depends upon the cultural practices followed by the
cultivator.
 During the first year, 750 kg of flowers could be obtained
and it increases to 2000 kg in second year.
 2500 kg in 3rd year and 3500 kg/acre from 4th year onward.
 The economic life of the plant may be taken as 15 years.
Plant Protection
 Pests- Bud worm, blossom midge and red spider mite are
the major pests of jasmine.

 Spraying of monocrotophos 36 wsc @ 2 ml/L is

recommended to control bud worm and blossom midge.

 To control red spider mite spraying of sulfur (50% wp) @

2 g/L is recommended.
Diseases
 Root rot is major disease attacking the jasmine crop.

 Nematode infestation is also a problem in this crop.

 Control measures for nematode 10 g of Phorate granules/

plant near root zone and irrigate the plant and for root rot-
Drench the soil around plant with copper oxychloride @
2.5 g/L.