THE ROLE OF

CHINESE MESTIZOS
IN THE PHILIPPINES
SOCIETY
Group 1:
Jan Nailah Basales

Chris John Cabalquinto

Eric Celetaria

Mark Arzel Esteva

  The Chinese mestizo played an important part in the
creation and evolution of what is now called the
Filipino nation.
 From the time that Chinese mestizos became
numerous enough to be classified separately, the
population of those parts of the Philippines that were
controlled by Spain was formally divided into four
categories: those who did not pay the tribute (which
IDENTITY included Spaniards and Spanish mestizos), Indio's
FORMATION. (Malayan inhabitants of the archipelago, who are now
called Filipino.
 The Filipino nationality, no matter how Malayan it
may be in its main ethnic stock, no matter how
Spanish and Christian it may be in its inspiration,
civilization and religion, no matter how American it
maybe in its politics, trade and aspiration, has been
historically and practically shaped, not by the Chinese
immigrant, but by the Chinese mestizo
 In the absence of much of the Chinese traders, the
Chinese mestizos became the provisioners of the
colonial authorities, the foreign firms and residents of
Manila. In the capital, the Chinese mestizos shared
economic power with the Chinese as exporters-
importers, wholesalers, retail traders and owners of
majority of the artisan shops. In the provinces around
MONOPOLIZ
Manila, they practically took over from the Chinese as
retailers. ATION
 They were described more active and enterprising,
more prudent and pioneering, more oriented to trade
and commerce than the Indios
  The Chinese mestizos were an important
element of Philippine society in the 19th
century. They played a significant role in the
formation of the Filipino middle class, in the
agitation for reforms, in the 1898 revolution,
THE and in the formation of what is now known as
the Filipino nationality.
FORMATION OF
 The Chinese mestizo leaseholders usually
THE FILIPINO entered agriculture with capital generated
MIDDLE CLASS from commercial and other economic
activities, and thus self-financing in Calamba.
Their money lending activities assured them
that at harvest time they had access the clayed
sugar, the solid cone of sugar made by boiling
the liquid obtained from the cane.
 That Spanish or Filipino names are not guarantee of Castillan or
Filipino descent is obvious. GREMIO DE
 The list of Chinese mestizo names under the Gremio de Mestizos
Sangleyes (Guild of Chinese Mestizos) in 1882 for several towns
in Cavité for instance, showed that such names were hardly
MESTIZOS
distinguishable from those of the natives.
 Some of these are:
SANGLEYES
Tagle, Sabali, Sapica, Dairet, Sanquilayan,, Bautista, de Guzman,
Villanueva, Camarce, Marimbao, Mayasa, Sarinas, Camua, Mateo, (GUILD OF
CHINESE
Carino, Aransasu, Tarim, Gianco, Topacio, Calocada, de Castro,
Cuevas, Camerino, Tirona, Ylano, Marquez, Sarmiento, Sarreal,
Sayoc, Samson, Madlansacay, Virata, Monzon, Malbal, Espiritu,

MESTIZOS)
Herrera, Alejandro, Yubienco, Bustamante, Poblete, Vasquez,
Aguinaldo, Encarnacion, Legaspi, Jimenez
 The Malls, and Businesses we have seen on the
market industry are own by some Chinese mestizo, PRESENT
these also serve as a contribution to the economy of
the Philippines affecting everyone’s life through their CONTRIBUTI
innovation of mind in the market from the 19th ON
century until today.
SOURCES
 Limos, M. A. (1970, January 1). How Manila’s Chinese in the 17th to 19th Centuries Were
Ostracized and Yet Considered as Essential Outsiders. Esquiremag.Ph.
https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/manila-s-chinese-in-the-17th-to-19th-centuries-
a00293-20190515-lfrm
 Wickberg, E. (n.d.). The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History* | Journal of Southeast Asian
History. Cambridge Core. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-southeast-
asian-history/article/abs/chinese-mestizo-in-philippine-history/
7EFA0FF2223DFC834791A75476F0FC71
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING
That’s a wrap