Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCES

Summ
GEC 8 – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Group 2

HISTORY OF GLOBAL MARKET INTEGRATION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Labor market integration occurred between 1882 and 1936 in an area of Asia stretching from South
India to Southeastern China and encompassing it. three S6utheast Asian countries of Burma, Malaya and
Thailand.

By the late nineteenth century, globalization, of which a principal feature was the mass migration
nineteenth century, globalization, of which a principal feature was the mass migration of Indians and Chinese
to Southeast Asia, gave rise to both an integrated Asian labor market and a period of real wage convergence.
Integration did not, however, extend beyond Asia to include core industrial countries. Asian and core areas,
in contrast to globally integrated commodity markets, showed divergent trends in unskilled real wages.

By the 1880s steamships had largely replaced sailing vessels for transport within Asia as well as to
Western markets, and shipping fares had begun to fall sharply.

Also, already underway was the mass migration of Indian and Chinese workers, principally from the
labor-abundant areas of Madras in India and the provinces of Kwangtung (Guangdong) and Fukien (Fujian)
in Southeastern China, to land-abundant but labor-scarce parts of Asia. Chief among the immigrant-receiving
countries were Burma, Malaya and Thailand (Siam) in Southeast Asia. Indian and Chinese labor inflows to
these countries constituted the bulk of two of three main late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century global
migration movements, the other being European immigration to the New World. Immigration to Southeast
Asia was almost entirely in response to its growing demand for workers which, in turn, derived from rapidly
expanding demand in core industrial countries for Southeast Asian exports. Studies by Latham and Neal
(1983) and by Brandt (1985, 1989) established the development of an integrated Asian rice market beginning
in the latter part of the nineteenth century.

REFERENCES:
• Ang, Jaime Gutierrez, et. al., 2018, The Contemporary World: A Text-Manual for the 21st Century
Filipino Students, Mindshapers Co., Inc.
• Ariola, Mariano M., 2018, The Contemporary World, Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing
Inc.

NOTE:
• Search for additional info to be included in your group discussion next week.
• See to it that the information is reliable and credible.
• Don’t forget to include the sources and references at the end of your PowerPoint Presentation.

Page 1 of 1