AGRA -LEATHER

PRODUCTS
INTRODUCTION:
Agra is a famous tourist city in
Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the bank of Yamuna
River. It is known world wide due to Taj Mahal
which is counted amongst the 7 wonders of the
world. From tourism point of view, Agra have 3
UNESCO World Heritage Sites i.e. Taj Mahal, Agra
Fort and the abandoned city "Fatehpur Sikri". Apart
from tourism, Agra is thriving small scale industry
sector. The leather industry is among the most
traditional and original industries of Agra.
Being well connected with all the major cities of the
country, Agra is one of the most preferred locations by new
entrepreneurs to setup their business. In fact, along with
new entrepreneurs, Agra has gained the attention of several
big industries too that have developed this city to a large
extent. Due to this fact, this city is witnessing a huge
increment in the industrial population and concentration
every year. Apart from this, Agra is also famous worldwide
for its "PETHA(SWEET)”.
Origins of leather making :-
Leather making is an ancient art that has been practiced for more than
7,000 years. Fresh skins were dried in the sun, softened by pounding
in animal fats and brains, and preserved by salting and smoking.
Beginning with simple drying and curing techniques, the process
of vegetable tanning was developed by the Egyptians and Hebrews
 about 400 BCE. During the Middle Ages the Arabs preserved the art
of leather making and so improved it that morocco and cordovan
(from Córdoba, Spain) became highly prized leathers. By the 15th
century, leather tanning was once more widespread in Europe, and, by
the mid-19th century, power-driven machines that performed such
operations as splitting, fleshing, and dehairing were introduced.
Toward the end of the 19th century, chemical tannage—which
included the use of oak, sumac, and hemlock tanbark and chrome salts
—was introduced.
 ABOUT LEATHER
Where did leather comes from ?
 Leathers are made from skins of many animals, including sheep,
goats, kids, calves, pigs, horses,... The hides of mammals are
composed of three layers: epidermis, a thin outer layer; corium, or
dermis, the thick central layer; and a subcutaneous fatty layer.
The earliest known bone awls date to between 84,000 and
72,000 years ago in South Africa, and their use-wear shows that
they were probably used to pierce soft materials, such as tanned
leather. Bone awls were later made in the Aurignacian in Europe,
west Asia, and Russia, and also in Tasmania during the 
Last Glacial Maximum. The earliest eyed sewing needles date to
between 43,000 and 28,500 years ago, probably at least 35,000
years ago, in southern Siberia, and were used across Paleolithic
Eurasia and in North America.
 Leather products in Agra are very special and famous
because they are almost made of fine and genuine leather.
Agra is well-known as the Leather market in India. The
famous leather products you can choose here are bags,
shoes, jackets, belts, slippers, etc
HISTORY OF LEATHER  WHERE IS LEATHER PRODUCED?
 

Tests which have been carried out on
historical leather have shown that a wide At present, the top six countries producing tanned
variety of animals were used for their leather are: China, Italy, India, Brazil, Korea and
skin in early times including squirrels,
rabbits, beavers, goat, deer, camels and Russia. Hides are often acquired from animals in
even alpacas. In these times, people these countries and are then shipped to other
would want to use every bit of the countries to be processed. For example, a company
animal for food, tools and shelter, which
is when they started using animals for in the UK might buy leather from China and ship
their skin. As agriculture and livestock them in a refrigerated container to somewhere such
has expanded along with technology,
this has paved the way for the
as Italy where they are famous for their tanning
development of modern tanning of methods and then re-import the finished leather
leather. During the Middle Ages, leather back to the UK before selling it. Despite some other
was used for items such as footwear,
clothes, bags, cases, trunks and saddles.
countries being better known for their production of
It was also used for military use and a leather, 80% of the world’s leather products are
lot of leather articles were recovered now made in China.
from the Tudor ship the Mary Rose
which sank in 1545.
TYPERS OF LEATHER
PU LEATHER
BUFF LEATHER
SYNTHETIC LEATHER
SHEEP LEATHER
RAW LEATHER
PU LEATHER
What is PU Leather? Polyurethane (PU) leather is a
type of artificial leather that's manufactured using
thermoplastic polymer. PU leather is vegan, non-
animal skin, and is commonly used for making
furniture or shoes.
BUFF LEATHER
Buff leather is a strong, soft preparation of bull's or elk's hide, used in the Middle Ages
 onwards, that bore a rudimentary ability to deaden the effect of a blow. As armor fell into
disuse at the widespread arrival of firearms to the battlefield in the 16th century, buff coats,
which could in some situations survive a broadsword cut, and very rarely a pistol ball came
into use more frequently. These were often worn in lieu of complete steel, either with or
without a cuirass and gorget of metal.
Modern buff leather, of which soldiers' cross belts and other accoutrements are frequently
made, is for the most part made of common buckskin.
 SYNTHETIC LEATHER
Artificial leather, also called synthetic leather, is a material intended to
substitute for leather in upholstery, clothing, footwear, and other uses where a
leather-like finish is desired but the actual material is cost prohibitive or
unsuitable. Artificial leather is known under many names,
including leatherette, imitation leather, faux leather, vegan leather, PU leather,
and pleather.
SHEEP LEATHER
Sheepskin is used to produce sheepskin leather products[2] and
soft wool-lined clothing or coverings, including gloves, hats, 
slippers, footstools, automotive seat covers, baby and invalid
rugs and pelts. Sheepskin numnahs, saddle pads, saddle seat
covers, sheepskin horse boots, tack linings and girth tubes are
also made and used in equestrianism
RAW LEATHER
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the 
tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent
decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, 
equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, and aquatic animals such as
seals and alligators.
LEATHER PRODUCTS
THE END
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