ROEVER ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Elambalur,perambalur – 621 220

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME8682-DESIGN AND FABRICATION PROJECT

lII YEAR / VI SEMESTER

2020-2021
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SOLAR WATER HEATER

Project Members:-
RAJARAM.G 813518114046
RISHI KUMAR.M 813518114052
SANJEEVI.T 813518114055)
THULASIRAMAN.S 813518114064

Guided By,

Mr.C.PRAKASH
(AP of Mechanical Department)
 ABSTRACT
• Collection, storage and utilization of solar energy by solar water heater using
reflector is cheapest and effective renewable energy technologies. This solar
water heater design uses a nonconventional source of energy which can be
used for house hold applications. The suitable design is the most important key
to a cost-effective solar air heater. Although there are many techniques that
have been proposed to improve the solar heaters performance but they
cannot ensure a compromise between the cost and the effectiveness. The cost
of production will be comparatively low and high in capacity. The proposed
design consists of a straight smooth flow channel with a reflector plate of
curved shape. The copper tube are used for transmitting water because of its
high thermal conductive property. The reflector plates are used to focus the
heat energy obtained from the sun rays to hit on the copper tubes which
carries water in it, this increases the capacity of solar water heater. By using
this method natural source of energy can be used instead of depending on
electric water heaters.
 INTRODUCTION
• Solar energy refers to energy from the sun. The sun has produced
energy for billions of years. It is the most important source of energy
for life forms. It is a renewable source of energy unlike non-
renewable sources such as fossil fuels. Solar energy technologies use
the sun’s energy to light homes, produce hot water, heat homes as
shown in solar tank less water heater reviews and electricity.
• The main benefit of solar energy is that it does not produce any
pollutants and is one of the cleanest source of energy. It is a
renewable source of energy, requires low maintenance and are easy
to install. The only limitation that solar energy possess is that it
cannot be used at night and amount of sunlight that is received on
earth is depends on location, time of day, time of year, and weather
conditions.
 CONSTRUCTION

• The flat GI sheet is bent into the shape of C and mounted

on the base frame by facing opening end towards top. The
base frame is fabricated with the help of square tubes and
channels by metal cutting and metal joining process called
welding. The surface of curved GI sheet is covered by the
polished sheets for reflection. The copper tube is passed
inside this curved sheet arrangement whose one of its end
is connected to ball valve and its other end is connected to
the outlet of overhead tank. The wooden sheets are used
for supporting this curved sheet arrangement which
doesn’t make direct contact with water.
 LITERATURE REVIEW1/4
• Sudhir Chaudhari, Nimesh Parmar, Hitesh N Panchal
• A CRITICAL REVIEW ON SOLAR WATER HEATER
• Solar water heater has wide variety of applications in domestic as well as industrial sector
due to need of hot water requirements of them. According to Renewable Energy Policy
Network data (2010), more than 70 million people require daily usage of hot water. Solar
water heater is not only environment friendly but requires very less l maintenance and
operation cost compared with any other solar operated devices. It also consists of very less
energy payback time of 2 years to 3 years. Mainly solar water heater is consisting of two
types called active solar water heater and passive solar water heater. Here, this review paper
shows comprehensive review and researches on solar water heater by various researchers of
the world.
 LITERATURE REVIEW2/4
• Vishal G. Shelke , Chinmay V. Patil , Kishor R. Sontakke
• Solar Water Heating Systems: A Review
• In the present review paper, the existing solar water heating systems are studied
with their applications. Solar energy is free, environmentally clean, and therefore it
is accepted as one of the most promising alternative energy sources. The effective
use of solar energy is hindered by the intermittent nature of its availability, limiting
its use and effectiveness in domestic and industrial applications especially in water
heating. Now a day, plenty of hot water is used for domestic, commercial and
industrial purposes. Various resources i.e. coal, diesel, gas etc, are used to heat
water and sometimes for steam production. Solar energy is the main alternative to
replace the conventional energy sources. The size of the systems depends on
availability of solar radiation, temperature requirement of customer, geographical
condition and arrangement of the solar system, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to
design the solar water heating system as per above parameters. The available
literature is reviewed to understand the construction, arrangement, applications
and sizing of the solar thermal system.
 LITERATURE REVIEW3/4
• P. Sivakumar , W. Christraj , M. Sridharan and N. Jayamalathi
• PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT STUDY OF SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
• Heating water for domestic purpose is a simple and effective way of utilizing solar
energy. Initial cost of solar water heating system is high. But we get zero green
energy cost. This paper discuss improving the performance of a flat plate solar
energy collector by changing the design parameters of the number of riser tubes
and the arrangement of riser tubes in zig-zag pattern from the existing flat plat
collector system. Experiments were conducted using copper tube in header and
riser with different dimensions. The performance shows that the efficiency is
59.09% when increasing the number of riser tubes and its 62.90% in the zig-zag
arrangement (Z- Configuration) of the riser tube. Now-a-days this system produces
higher efficiency than the existing conventional flat plate collector.
 LITERATURE REVIEW4/4
• Samson A. Arekete
• Performance of Solar Water Heater in Akure, Nigeria
• Solar water heating is a process of tapping energy from the sun for the purpose of raising the
temperature of water from local water supply to some desirable higher temperature. Water
left in a container and exposed to the sun, has been observed to increase in temperature.
However, this natural gain of temperature is not usually efficient; partly because water is a
poor absorber of solar energy and partly because a large chunk of energy gain is used in
evaporation of water, which will not result into temperature raise. A solar water heater was
designed, constructed and tested in Akure, South West, Nigeria (Latitude 7.30oN and
Longitude 5.25 oE). A flat plate collector covered with double glazing layers at 20o angle of tilt
to the horizontal was employed. The surface of the collector was darkened to improve its
absorption capacity. Readings were taken for a period of six days. With an ambient
temperature of 36oC, a maximum hot water temperature of 73oC was recorded during the
experiment. In addition, hourly collector’s efficiency increased slightly until 2.00 when steep
increase was obtained which peaked at 92% at 4.00 pm. The outcome of the experiments
established the fact that solar water heater is feasible in South West Nigeria, and of course, in
most parts of the country, since insolation is even higher in most other parts of the country,
particularly South East and the Northern regions.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Initially the ball valve should be closed and the tank should be filled
with water. This setup should be installed on the terrace to have
direct contact with sun rays. Due to the gravity the water which is
filled in the tank starts flows through the copper pipe which get
coupled with it. But it doesn’t allow the water to exhaust out since
the valve is in closed position, so the water will be remained
stationary inside the pipe. The sun rays are focused on the copper
pipes with the help of reflection sheets covered on the curve
surface. This makes the pipe to heat, there by the heat gets
transferred to the water stored in it. This causes the temperature of
water to raise and the hot water is collected by opening the valve.
•  
 MAJOR COMPONENTS
 
 
MAJOR COMPONENTS
 
 

1. FRAME
2. COPPER TUBE
3. SHEET METAL
4. GLASS
 FRAME
• Material: Mild steel
 COPPER TUBE

• Copper tubing is most often used for supply of hot and cold tap water, and
as refrigerant line in HVAC systems. There are two basic types of copper tubing,
soft copper and rigid copper. Copper tubing is joined using flare connection,
compression connection, or solder. Copper offers a high level of corrosion
resistance, but is becoming very costly .
 GLASS
• A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light
in some range of wavelengths, the reflected light preserves many or most
of the detailed physical characteristics of the original light, called specular
reflection
 SHEET METAL
• Sheet metal is used to make the collecting box.
• Material - Mild steel
• Size - 40*15cm
• Thickness - 3mm
• Quantity - 1
 ADVANTAGES
• Least maintenance cost.
• No transportation from long distance
• No rent for electricity utilized
• No fuel required for operation
• NO air pollution, and to slow down the
deforestation and desertification caused by
gathering firewood for cooking
 APPLICATION
• Used as home appliances.
• Used in academic institutions.
• Used for commercial purposes.
• The large scale model of this same setup can
also be used for collecting huge amount of hot
water.
• .
 S.No
MATERIAL USED
DESCIRPTION QTY MATERIAL

1. SHEET METAL 1 MILD STEEL

2. COPPER TUBE 1 COPPER
3.. GLASS 1 GLASS
4. FRAME AS PER
REQUIRMENT MILD STEEL
5..
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
 COST ESTIMATION
S.No DESCIRPTION RATE

1. SHEET METAL 1000

2. COPPER TUBE 2500
3.. GLASS 1000
4. FRAME 1000
5.. TOTAL 5500
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
BLOCK DIGRAM
THANK YOU