BCSE102L STRUCTURED

AND OBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING
Module-2
Array an in C
Dr. R. Jothi SCOPE
Outline
• Array
• Need
• Declaration
• Initialization
• Examples
• Matrix
• Given a list of test scores, determine the maximum
and minimum scores
• Do you use different variable for each score?
• score1, score2, score3, etc.
Or
• Use same name ‘score’ for referring all the score values.
• score[1] for first value, score[2] for second value etc.
 Array
• An Array is a collection of data elements that are of the
same type (e.g., a collection of integers, collection of
characters, collection of doubles)
• E.g.
• a list of student names
• a list of marks
• a matrix
 Array Declaration
Datatype Arrayname[size];

// array of 10 uninitialized ints

int Score[10];

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

0 1 2 3 4 5
 Subscripting
• Declare an array of 10 integers:
int Ar[10]; // array of 10 ints
• To access an individual element we must apply a subscript
to array named Ar.
– A subscript is a bracketed expression.
• The expression in the brackets is known as the index
• Index is always a positive integer
– First element of array has index 0.
Ar[0]
– Second element of array has index 1, and so on.
Ar[1], Ar[2], Ar[3],…
– Last element has an index one less than the size of the array.
Ar[9]
• Incorrect indexing is a common error!.
 Subscripting

// array of 10 uninitialized ints

int Ar[10];
--
int x
Ar[3] = 1; 1 --
x = Ar[3];
-- -- --

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- --
Ar[0] Ar[1] Ar[2] Ar[3] Ar[4] Ar[5] Ar[6] Ar[7] Ar[8] Ar[9]
 Array Element Manipulation

• Consider
int Ar[10], i = 7, j = 2, k = 4;
Ar[0] = 1;
Ar[i] = 5;
Ar[j] = Ar[i] + 3;
Ar[j+1] = Ar[i] + Ar[0];
Ar[8] = 12;

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ar 1 -- 8 6 3 -- -- 5 12 --
Ar[0] Ar[1] Ar[2] Ar[3] Ar[4] Ar[5] Ar[6] Ar[7] Ar[8] Ar[9]
Program to read 10 score values and find their
sum
void main()
{
int score[10]; Array index always starts at 0.
For n element array : index values
int i,sum=0; are 0 to n-1
//read 10 scores
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf(“Enter score %d : “,i);
scanf(“%d”,&score[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf(“Score %d: %d”,i,score[i]);
sum=sum+score[i];
}
printf(“Sum of scores= %d”,sum);
}
Program to read 10 score values and find their
Min and Max
void main()
{
int score[10], i, min=1000,max=0;
//read 10 scores
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf(“Enter score %d : “,i);
scanf(“%d”,&score[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{printf(“Score %d : %d”,i,score[i]);
if(score[i]<min) min=score[i];
if(score[i]>max) max=score[i];
}
printf(“Min score = %d, Max score = %d”, min,max);
}
 Initialization
Only A[0] initialized
// To initialize all elements with 0 void main() to 1; rest A[1] to
void main() { A[9] are set to 0
{ int i, A[10]={1};
int i, A[10]={0}; //or A[i]={}; for(i=0;i<10;i++)
for(i=0;i<10;i++) printf("%d\t",A[i]);
printf("%d\t",A[i]); }
}

Elements with missing values will be initialized to

0:

int A[10] = { 1, 2 }; // initialize to 1,2,0,0,0...

 Initialization
Size will be
void main() automatically set to
{ 5
int i, A[]={1,2,3,4,5};
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("%d\t",A[i]);
}
 Matrix
• 2-dimensional array
int Ar[3][3]; //declares 3 by 3 matrix
Ar[0][0] 2001,2002

Ar[0][0] Ar[0][1] Ar[0][2] Ar[0][1] 2003

Ar[1][0] Ar[1][1] Ar[1][2] Ar[0][2] 2005
Ar[2][0] Ar[2][1] Ar[2][2] Ar[1][0] 2007
Ar[1][1] 2009
Ar[1][2] 2011
Ar[2][0] 2013
Ar[2][1] 2015
Ar[2][2] 2017,2018
 Read matrix
int A[6][3];
for(i=0;i<6;i++)  for number of rows
for(j=0;j<3;j++)  for number of columns
scanf(“%d”, &A[i][j]);
 Matrix Operations
• C = A+B, C=A-B, C=A*B
• Transpose B=AT
 Sum of two matrices
void main()
{ for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
int A[10][10],B[10][10],C[10][10]; for(j=0;j<cols;j++)
int i,j,rows,cols; C[i][j]=A[i][j]+B[i][j];
clrscr(); for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
printf("enter no. of rows and cols of {
matrices : "); for(j=0;j<cols;j++)
scanf("%d%d",&rows,&cols); printf("%d\t",C[i][j]);
printf("\nEnter Matrix A : "); printf("\n");
for(i=0;i<rows;i++) }
for(j=0;j<cols;j++) getch();
scanf("%d",&A[i][j]); }
printf("\nEnter Matrix B : ");
for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
for(j=0;j<cols;j++)
scanf("%d",&B[i][j]);
Matrix Multiplication
 Product of Matrices
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
C[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<row;k++)
C[i][j]=C[i][j]+A[i][k]*B[k][j];
}
Transpose of Matrix
 Determinant of 3 x 3 Matrix
determinant = a[0][0] * ((a[1][1]*a[2][2]) - (a[2]
[1]*a[1][2])) -a[0][1] * (a[1][0]
* a[2][2] - a[2][0] * a[1][2]) + a[0][2] * (a[1][0] *
a[2][1] - a[2][0] * a[1][1]);
 Matrix Initialization
void main()
{
int Mat[3][3]={{1, 2, 3},{4, 5, 6},{7, 8, 9}};
int i,j;
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("%d\t",Mat[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
//Both initializes 3x2 matrix
int a[3][2] = { { 1 , 2 }, { 3 , 4 }, { 5 , 6 } };
OR
int a[3][2] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

//3x3 Identity Matrix

int I[3][3]={{1,0,0},{0,1,0},{0,0,1}};
OR
int I[][]={{1,0,0},{0,1,0},{0,0,1}}; //size 3 x 3