SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Department of psychology

Name= Prathamesh shahaji memane

Group=202

TOPIC= CONDITIONS OF PEOPLE AFTER COVID

 Introduction:
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic
is unprecedented in recent history, with global impacts
including high rates of mortality and morbidity, and loss of
income and sustained social isolation for billions of people.
The effect this crisis will have on population mental health,
both in the short- and long-term, is unknown. There is
minimal evidence about the acute phase mental health
impacts of large-scale epidemics across communities
 COVID-19 and Mental Health in Older Adults

What makes older adults at a higher risk for mental health issues during the COVID-19
pandemic? ·
• Awareness that older adults have a higher risk for severe respiratory problems due to COVID-19 including the
risk for hospitalization, the requirement of ventilatory support and a high mortality rate contributes to
significant stress, anxiety, and other related mental health problems.
• Older adults are likely to experience more stress and difficulty in accessing essential services due to the
restrictions enforced to maintain the social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 ·
• Older adults are less likely to have social contact using technology and social media which are useful for
maintaining social contact despite the need for physical distancing. ·
• Social isolation is one of the important risk factors for mental health problems like depression and anxiety in
older adults ·
• Older adults have higher chances of worsening of pre-existing medical and psychiatric illnesses because of
difficulty in ensuring regular medication and routine health care due to COVID-19 related restrictions.
Mental health issues
·Sleeplessness, feeling anxious, boredom, panic attacks, nightmares, feeling
of emptiness, fear of contracting COVID-19, fear of spreading the infection
to others, health anxiety, feeling of imprisonment, anxiety related to
uncertainty about future, anxiety about death and dying in COVID-19 and
Mental Health in Older Adults unnatural circumstances without access to
other relatives are some of the psychological issues that can occur in older
adults.

· Some of them may develop depression, anxiety disorders, hypochondriasis,

post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse/withdrawal and related
psychiatric disorders in these stressful situations.
         
Psychological conditions studied in a population aged
3-18 during COVID-19 epidemic.
. Impact on school and college going students
Globally, the pre-lockdown learning of children and adolescents
predominantly involved one-to-one interaction with their mentors
and peer groups. Unfortunately, the nationwide closures of schools
and colleges have negatively impacted over 91% of the world's
student population . The home confinement of children and
adolescents is associated with uncertainty and anxiety which is
attributable to disruption in their education, physical activities and
opportunities for socialization . Absence of structured setting of
the school for a long duration result in disruption in routine,
boredom and lack of innovative ideas for engaging in various
academic and extracurricular activities
Some children have expressed lower levels of affect for not
being able to play outdoors, not meeting friends and not
engaging in the in-person school activities . These children
have become more clingy, attention seeking and more
dependent on their parents due to the long term shift in their
routine. It is presumed that children might resist going to
school after the lockdown gets over and may face difficulty
in establishing rapport with their mentors after the schools
reopen. Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed
on them can have a long term negative effect on their
overall psychological wellbeing.
 Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
Social inequality has been associated with the risk of developing mental health
challenges. The pandemic and lockdown world has experienced global economic
turn-down which has directly worsened the pre-existing social inequality. In
developing countries, with the imposed lockdown, the underprivileged children
face acute deprivation of nutrition and overall protection. The prolonged period
of stress could have a long term negative impact on their development. For
instance, in India, which has the largest child population in the world with 472
million children, the lockdown has significantly impacted 40 million children
from poor families. These include children working on farms, fields in rural
areas, children of migrants and street children . An increasing number of poor
and street children now have no source of income, making them a high risk
population to face abuse and mental health issues with greater vulnerability and
exposure to unfavorable economic, social and environmental circumstances .
 Mental Health Issues in Hospital Quarantine/Isolation

Quarantine is done for the larger interest of the community by curtailing the right of the individual. Quarantine can
lead to physical, psychological, emotional and financial stress due to fear of contracting the illness, boredom,
loneliness, loss of personal freedom, a new set of daily routine and lack of social togetherness.
The mental health issues following the hospital quarantine period can be
New-onset mental health problems

i. Health-related anxiety: By far this would be the most common condition that could arise during isolation. This can
occur due to uncertainty of outcome, fear of turning positive on testing, and stigma. It can range from mild to severe.
In severe cases, it can lead to panic attacks.
ii. Depression and Anxiety: Fear of contracting a severe and possibly life-threatening illness, isolation from the family,
helplessness and guilt associated with behaviours which led to infection, is a source of infection to family and public,
and not being able to perform duties, etc. can lead to depression and anxiety. Some people in quarantine may even
harbour suicidal thoughts.
iiii. Low mood, fear, nervousness, irritability, anger, frustration, boredom, emotional
exhaustion, feeling stressed, numbness, and insomnia: Many quarantined persons may
experience these problems which may or may not amount to a diagnosable mental
health disorder, nonetheless, they need to be identified and addressed.
iv. Substance Withdrawal: Withdrawal from substances can occur due to non-
availability and sudden stoppage from the substances especially alcohol.
v. End-of-life crisis: Thoughts of whether they have performed their duties adequately,
fear of death, apprehension towards the family's reaction to one's death, guilt, etc. may
haunt the person.
vi. Acute stress reaction and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Hospital quarantine
can be a significant traumatic event resulting in acute stress disorder. People exposed to
hospital quarantine have a higher risk of later development of PTSD. vii. Resilience: A
few may also report positive feelings. Resilience is known to occur not only in the
persons infected but also in the community. Community’s resilience help us in bouncing
back from difficult times.
Psychological Issues of Frontline Personnel Combating
COVID-19
COVID-19 presents the front-line of a new uncertain battle for the human race.
Thousands of health care personnel, police and government officials are working
round the clock to confront it head-on. While this has recently been highlighted
across the world, little has been offered to ensure their mental health and well-
being. Most people working in health care emergencies are likely to experience
some stress. Some of them may experience distress to the point of not being able
to carry on. They require help. It is critical to ensure that those in need are
identified early and offered an appropriate intervention. The commonest disabling
mental health issue experienced by personnel in the front-line of any pandemic is
“burnout”.
Risk factors for burnout · Long
working hours ·
 Worry about risk to self and family ·
 Concerns about inadequate personal
protection materials ·
Separation from family/loved ones ·
 Pre-existing mental health & addiction
issues
 Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented threat to mental
health in high, middle, and low-income countries. In addition to flattening
the curve of viral transmission, priority needs to be given to the prevention
of mental disorders (e.g. major depressive disorder, PTSD, as well as
suicide). A combination of government policy that integrates viral risk
mitigation with provisions to alleviate hazards to mental health is urgently
needed.
 Refrences:
http://www.cdc.gov
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
http://www.unicef.org

Thank you