Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances

Across The Plasma Membrane

3.1 Structure of plasma membrane
 Movement of
substances in and out
Glucose + Oxygen of cells

Carbon dioxide +
water + ATP

Cells Respiration
3.1 Structure of Plasma
Membrane
Components of Plasma Membrane

According to the fluid mosaic model,

protein molecules float within
the phospholipid bilayer, forming a
mosaic pattern that changes frequently
 A polar head
which is
hydrophilic
(attracted to
water)

A nonpolar tail
which is
hydrophobic
(repels water)
 The heads of the
phospholipid
molecule in the outer
layer face the
extracellular fluid, The tails of the
whereas the phospholipid
phospholipid heads in molecule of the two
the inner layer face layers face each
the cytoplasm. other..
Carrier Protein

Protein molecules which functions as

carrier of large molecules such as
glucose, amino acid and nucleic acid
Channel Protein

• Protein molecules which forms pore

• Allows small molecules and ions to
pass through
Glycoprotein

• Lipids and carbohydrate that

attached to them
Cholesterol

• Binds fatty acids together

• Makes the plasma membrane more
stable, stronger, flexible and less
permeable to water soluble
substances such as ion
Permeability of a plasma membrane

• The plasma membrane is a selectively

permeable membrane
• only allows free movement of certain
molecules across it, and prevent or
limit the movement of other
substances
• The plasma membrane has a
selectively permeable property due to
its building structure.
• The phospholipid bilayer and protein
determine the membrane permeability
towards specific substances.
3.2 Concept of Movement of
Substances Across a Plasma
Membrane
 • Movement of substances across the plasma membrane occurs through:
Concept of • Phospholipid bilayer
• Carrier protein
Movement of • Pore protein
Substances • three common factors that determine whether a molecule can pass through
a plasma membrane:
Across a Plasma • molecule size ,
Membrane • polar molecule
• ionic charge.
Characteristics
Of Movement
Of
Substances
Across A
Plasma
Membrane
D
D
C
Movement Of
Substances Across A Plasma Membrane
Movement Of
Substances Across A
Plasma Membrane

Passive Active
Transport Transport
Passive Transport
Passive Transport

Passive
Transport

Simple Facilitated
Osmosis
diffusion Diffusion
Simple diffusion
• is the movement of molecules or
ions from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration.
• the moving molecules are said to
move down the concentration
gradient until a dynamic
equilibrium is achieved.
Osmosis
• the net movement of water molecules from
an area of high water potential (low solutes
concentration) to an area of low water
potential (high solutes concentration)
randomly through a selectively permeable
membrane.
• The selectively permeable membrane is
permeable to water but impermeable to
some solutes such as sucrose molecules
• The same situation occurs in cells through
the phospholipid bilayer
D
Facilitated
diffusion
• Lipid-insoluble molecules such as ions,
large molecules such as amino acids and
glucose are unable to pass through the
phospholipid bilayer.
• These substances move across the
membrane with the aid of transport
proteins (carrier or channel proteins).
• Facilitated diffusion does not require
energy because the transport proteins
transport molecules down a
concentration gradient.
• The process continues until a dynamic
equilibrium is achieved when the
concentration of molecules is the same at
both sides of membranes.
C
Movement Of
Substances Across A Plasma Membrane
Movement Of
Substances Across A
Plasma Membrane

Passive Active
Transport Transport
Active transport
• The movement of molecule or ion substances across a plasma membrane occurs
against a concentration gradient.
• It requires energy from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules generated during
cellular respiration.
• It requires specific carrier protein with specific sites to bind with certain molecules or
ions.
• Carrier proteins also possess receptors to bind with ATP molecules. Carrier proteins
change shape when a phosphate group attaches to it. As a result, molecules or ions
move across a
• Active transport results in the accumulation or excretion of molecules or ions in the
cell.
• Carrier proteins involved in active transport are known as pumps.
sodium-potassium
pump
proton pump
• For example, the proton pumps
that are found on the epithelial
cells lining the stomach cavity.
• Proton pump causes the acidity of
the stomach contents.
• Energy from the ATP enables the
hydrogen ion to be transported by
the carrier proteins (proton pump)
towards the extracellular fluid.
• This causes an accumulation of the
hydrogen ion and acid production
in the stomach cavity.
Practice 1
 Q

P
Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

P1 : amino acid molecules diffuse from higher concentration to lower

concentration / follow the concentration gradient (without energy)
P2: Amino acid will bind with the active site of carrier protein
P3: carrier protein changes shape
P4 : to allow the molecules to pass through the plasma membrane
F1: Potassium ion / sodium ion / any examples of ions
E1 : Charged molecule
E2: small molecule
Practice 2
L: Dwilapisan fosfolipid
M : Protein pembawa
Ciri- ciri: molekul larut lipid // molekul kecil tidak berkutub

Contoh: asid lemak, gliserol, vitamin

P1: Bahan A bergabung dengan tapak aktif protein pembawa.
P2: Protein pembawa bertukar bentuk.
P3: Pertukaran bentuk pembawa protein menyebabkan bahan A
diangkut ke dalam sel
P4: Ini dikenali sebagai resapan berbantu
Practice 3
P : dwilapisan fosfolipid
Q : Protein pembawa
Bahan A : Resapan ringkas // resapan berbantu

Bahan B : pengangkutan aktif