Ch.

16 Magnetism
TOPICS:

1.) Magnets.
2.) Properties of Magnets.
3.) Magnetization and demagnetization.
4.) Magnetic fields
5.) Temporary magnet & Permanent magnet.
6.) Electromagnet
PROPERTIES OF MAGNET
1.They have two permanent poles namely, North and South and
poles cannot be isolated.

2.Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
3. The freely suspended bar magnet will align in geographic N – S
direction.

4. When magnet is subjected to mechanical damages (falling on a hard

surface, heating, piling, hammering etc.) they lose their magnetic properties.
5.) Magnets attract magnetic materials like Fe, Co, Ni etc.
Note: Magnet do not attract Copper,Gold,Silver etc.
6. Depending on application we have,
i) dumbbell magnet, ii) ring magnet, iii) bar magnet, iv) horse
shoe magnet, v) compass needle, vi) round magnet, vii) circular
magnet etc.
MAGNETIC FIELD (B) :
1.) Magnetic field is space or region surrounding the magnet (or current carrying
conductor) in which another magnet will experience magnetic force.

2.) It is denoted by ‘B’

3.) SI unit of magnetic field is T (tesla)

4.) It is a vector quantity.

PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC FIELD:
1.) Magnetic field lines always travel North to South outside the magnet, and
Inside the magnet it travels south to north.
2.) Magnetic field lines Never intersect each other.
3.) Magnetic field lines always form continuous closed loops.
4.) Strength of magnetic field lines is maximum at the poles, As field lines are closed to
each other at poles.
5.) The tangent drawn at any point on the Magnetic Field Lines gives direction of
Magnetic Field at that point.
Magnetization and demagnetization.

MAGNETIZATION: It is the process by which a magnetic substance attains

magnetism temporally or permanently.

DEMAGNETIZATION: It is the process by which the magnetic property of

any material is removed.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEMPORARY MAGNET AND PERMANENT
MAGNET
 DEFINE ELECTROMAGNET
When electric current is passed through a coil of wire wrapped around a metal
core, a very strong magnetic field is produced. This is called as electromagnet
NOTE
1.) The magnetic field strength produced in the coil is directly proportional
to the current supplied.
2.) The magnetic field strength produced in the coil is directly proportional
to the number of turns in the coil.
3.) The magnetic field strength produced in the coil can be increased by
using soft iron as core of the coil.