Digital Signal Processing

Chapter-4:
Structures for Discrete
(IIR and FIR) Systems

(Part-2)

Dr. Anjaneyulu Pattem

4.4 Structures for Discrete Systems
4.1.1 Structure for IIR
4.1.2 Structure for FIR

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 4.1.1 Structure for IIR

2nd order function

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 Direct form-I Structure

2nd order function

Let
Inversing to time domain

But
After inversion

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Direct form-I Structure

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 Direct form-I Structure

When extended for Nth order function

Taking

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Direct form-I Structure for Nth order function

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 Direct form-II Structure

2nd order function

Defining W(z) and after inversing to time domain

But writing Y(z) and inverting it into time domain

Implementation (signal flow graphs or block diagram) of the

above equations is shown in the following figures

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Direct form-II Structure

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Direct form-II Structure Nth order function

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 Example-1 Direct form-II Structure

Represent the following function in direct form-II.

Solution:
rewriting the given function as
And writing w(z)
and y(z) as

Direct form-II structure of the above is shown in the following

figure:

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Direct form-II Structure

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Parallel Structure

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 Example-2: Parallel Structure

Implementation of the given function in parallel structure is

shown in the figure.

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Cascaded Structure

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Example-3: Cascaded Structure

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 4.1.2 Structure for FIR

Example-4:

Inversion to time domain, y(n) can be represented as

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Example-4: Direct form Structure

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 Example-5: Direct form Structure

Implementing the above in time domain

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Example-6: Cascaded Structure

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 Linear Phase Structures

Symmetric if h(n)=h(N-n);
Order (2N or highest power of inverse z) is even (Type-1)

Order (2N+1 or highest power of inverse z) is odd (Type-2)

Anti symmetric if h(n) = - h(N-n);

Under this category, Order even (Type-3) and Order odd (Type-4)
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 Type-I

symmetric and even:

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 Type-II

symmetric and odd:

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 Linear Phase Structures

Example-7:
For

If the above is linear phase symmetric, then H(z) is given as

Since h(0)=h(6-0); h(1)=h(6-1), etc.

And its implementation is shown in the following figure

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 Example-7: Type-I

Linear phase symmetric and even:

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Example-8: Type-II

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 Frequency Sampling Structures

Representing the filter transfer function in terms of DFT

coefficients:

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Frequency Sampling Structures

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Frequency Sampling Structures

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Frequency Sampling Structures

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